Fractalkine (FKN, CX3CL1) is a transmembrane chemokine expressed by neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). CX3CL1 signals through its unique receptor, CX3CR1, that is expressed in microglia. Within the CNS, fractalkine acts as a regulator of microglia activation in response to brain injury or inflammation. During the last decade, there has been a growing interest in the roles that the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling pathway plays in the neuropathology of a diverse array of brain disorders. However, the reported results have proven controversial, indicating that a disruption of the CX3CL1 axis induces a disease-specific microglial response that may have either beneficial or detrimental effects. Therefore, it has become clear that the understanding of neuron-to-glia signals mediated by CX3CL1/CX3CR1 at different stages of diseases could provide new insight into potential therapeutic targets. Hence, the aim of this review is to provide a summary of the literature on the emerging role of CX3CL1 in animal models of some brain disorders.

中文翻译：

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CX3CL1 / CX3CR1轴在神经系统疾病中的影响

Fractalkine（FKN，CX3CL1）是由中枢神经系统（CNS）中的神经元表达的跨膜趋化因子。CX3CL1通过其在小胶质细胞中表达的独特受体CX3CR1发出信号。在中枢神经系统内，fractalkine充当小胶质细胞激活的调节剂，以响应大脑损伤或炎症。在过去的十年中，人们对CX3CL1 / CX3CR1信号通路在各种脑部疾病的神经病理学中的作用越来越感兴趣。但是，已报道的结果已被证明是有争议的，表明CX3CL1轴的破坏会引起疾病特异性的小胶质细胞反应，可能具有有益或有害的作用。因此，显然，在疾病的不同阶段对CX3CL1 / CX3CR1介导的神经元胶质细胞信号的理解可以为潜在的治疗靶点提供新的见解。因此，本综述的目的是提供有关CX3CL1在某些脑部疾病的动物模型中新兴作用的文献综述。