Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease, and intestinal bacteria are implicated in the pathogenesis of this disorder. The administration of aminosalicylates (5-ASA) is a conventional treatment that targets the mucosa, while fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) is a novel treatment that directly targets the gut microbiota. The aim of this study was to identify changes in fecal bacterial composition after both types of treatments and evaluate clinical responses. Sixteen patients with active left-sided UC underwent enema treatment using 5-ASA (n = 8) or FMT (n = 8) with a stool from a single donor. Fecal microbiota were analyzed by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing, and clinical indices were used to assess the efficacy of treatments. 5-ASA therapy resulted in clinical remission in 50% (4/8) of patients, but no correlation with changes in fecal bacteria was observed. In FMT, remission was achieved in 37.5% (3/8) of patients and was associated with a significantly increased relative abundance of the families Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Clostridiaceae of the phylum Firmicutes, and Bifidobacteriaceae and Coriobacteriaceae of the phylum Actinobacteria. At the genus level, Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Coriobacteria, Collinsela, Slackia, and Bifidobacterium were significantly more frequent in patients who reached clinical remission. However, the increased abundance of beneficial taxa was not a sufficient factor to achieve clinical improvement in all UC patients. Nevertheless, our preliminary results indicate that FMT as non-drug-using method is thought to be a promising treatment for UC patients.

中文翻译：

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粪便微生物组移植和局部5-氨基水杨酸治疗后活动性左侧溃疡性结肠炎患者肠道菌群的变化

溃疡性结肠炎（UC）是一种炎症性肠病，肠道细菌与这种疾病的发病机制有关。氨基水杨酸酯（5-ASA）的给药是靶向粘膜的常规治疗，而粪便微生物移植（FMT）是直接靶向肠道菌群的新型治疗。这项研究的目的是确定两种治疗后粪便细菌组成的变化并评估临床反应。16例活动性左侧UC患者使用5-ASA（n = 8）或FMT（n= 8）用单个供体的粪便。通过16S rDNA高通量测序分析粪便菌群，并使用临床指标评估治疗效果。5-ASA治疗导致50％（4/8）的患者临床缓解，但未观察到与粪便细菌变化相关。在FMT中，缓解率达到了37.5％（3/8）的患者，并且与Firmicutes门的Lachnospiraceae，Ruminococcaceae和Clostridiaceae科，Actinobacteria门的双歧杆菌科和Coriobacteriaceae的相对相对丰富度显着相关。在属的水平，Faecalibacterium，Blautia，Coriobacteria，Collinsela，的Slackia和双歧杆菌在达到临床缓解的患者中更为频繁。但是，有益类群数量的增加并不是所有UC患者临床改善的充分因素。尽管如此，我们的初步结果表明，FMT作为非药物使用方法被认为是UC患者的有前途的治疗方法。