It is well documented that Southern Poland is one of the most polluted areas in Europe due to the highest airborne concentrations of particulate matter (PM). Concentrations of fine particles are especially high in winter. Apart from detailed number concentrations, it is essential to accurately identify and quantify specific particulate pollution sources. Only a few Polish research centers are involved in such experiments—among them is Krakow research group. For the most part, research focuses on collecting 24-h average samples from stationary PM samplers at ambient monitoring sites and quantifying the specific elements and chemical constituents in PM. This approach includes modeling methods that can use the variability in physical and chemical PM characteristics as an input dataset to identify possible sources of the particles. The objective of this paper is to provide research results based on data collected from June 2018 to May 2019 from a single monitoring station at a central urban site. Careful comparison of data obtained prior to a 2019 law prohibiting solid fuel burning in the city of Krakow with data (2019–2020) when a regulation went into effect should indicate progress by noting lower PM levels. This work has shown that the method applied and Krakow results might be of interest to the broader community in regions of high PM concentration.

中文翻译：

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中欧市区精细部分的复杂表征以及对PM2.5质量的源贡献

众所周知，由于空气中颗粒物（PM）的浓度最高，波兰南部是欧洲污染最严重的地区之一。冬季，细颗粒的浓度特别高。除了详细的数字浓度外，准确识别和量化特定的颗粒物污染源也至关重要。仅有少数波兰研究中心参与了此类实验，其中包括克拉科夫研究小组。在大多数情况下，研究重点是从环境监测点的固定式PM采样器中收集24小时平均样品，并对PM中的特定元素和化学成分进行定量。该方法包括可以利用物理和化学PM特性的变化作为输入数据集来识别颗粒可能来源的建模方法。本文的目的是基于从2018年6月至2019年5月从中心城市站点的单个监视站收集的数据提供研究结果。将2019年禁止在克拉科夫市进行固体燃料燃烧的法律之前获得的数据与法规生效时的数据（2019-2020）进行仔细比较，应通过指出较低的PM水平来表明进展。这项工作表明，所应用的方法和克拉科夫的结果可能对高PM浓度地区的广大社区感兴趣。将2019年禁止在克拉科夫市进行固体燃料燃烧的法律之前获得的数据与法规生效时的数据（2019-2020）进行仔细比较，应通过指出较低的PM水平来表明进展。这项工作表明，所应用的方法和克拉科夫的结果可能对高PM浓度地区的广大社区感兴趣。将2019年禁止在克拉科夫市进行固体燃料燃烧的法律之前获得的数据与法规生效时的数据（2019-2020）进行仔细比较，应通过指出较低的PM水平来表明进展。这项工作表明，所应用的方法和克拉科夫的结果可能对高PM浓度地区的广大社区感兴趣。