Staphylococcus aureus is a ubiquitous pathogen and colonizer in humans and animals. There are few studies on the molecular epidemiology of S. aureus in wild monkeys and apes. S. aureus carriage in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and Assam macaques (Macaca assamensis) is a species that has not previously been sampled and lives in remote environments with limited human contact. Forty Staphylococcus aureus isolates including 33 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and seven methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were characterized. Thirty-four isolates were from rhesus macaques and six isolates (five MSSA, one MRSA) were from Assam macaques. Isolates were characterized using StaphyType DNA microarrays. Five of the MRSA including one from Assam macaque were CC22 MRSA-IV (PVL+/tst+), which is a strain previously identified in Nepalese rhesus. One MRSA each were CC6 MRSA-IV and CC772 MRSA-V (PVL+). One MSSA each belonged to CC15, CC96, and CC2990. Six MRSA isolates carried the blaZ, while ten known CC isolates (seven MRSA, three MSSA) carried a variety of genes including aacA-aphD, aphA3, erm(C), mph(C), dfrA, msrA, and/or sat genes. The other 30 MSSA isolates belonged to 17 novel clonal complexes, carried no antibiotic resistance genes, lacked Panton–Valentine Leukocidin (PVL), and most examined exotoxin genes. Four clonal complexes carried egc enterotoxin genes, and four harbored edinB, which is an exfoliative toxin homologue.

中文翻译：

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尼泊尔灵长类动物中的金黄色葡萄球菌和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌：对抗菌素，毒力和遗传谱系的抗性

金黄色葡萄球菌是人和动物中普遍存在的病原体和定居者。关于野生猴和猿中金黄色葡萄球菌的分子流行病学研究很少。恒河猴（Macaca mulatta）和阿萨姆邦猕猴（Macaca assamensis）中的金黄色葡萄球菌是先前未取样的物种，生活在人类接触受限的偏远环境中。40种金黄色葡萄球菌分离株包括33种对甲氧西林敏感的金黄色葡萄球菌（MSSA）和7种耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）进行了表征。猕猴有34株，猕猴有6株（5种MSSA，1种MRSA）。使用StaphyType DNA微阵列对分离物进行表征。MRSA中的五种，包括来自阿萨姆邦猕猴的一种，是CC22 MRSA-IV（PVL + / tst +），这是先前在尼泊尔恒河猴中发现的一种菌株。每个MRSA分别为CC6 MRSA-IV和CC772 MRSA-V（PVL +）。一个MSSA分别属于CC15，CC96和CC2990。六个MRSA分离株带有blaZ，而十个已知CC分离株（七个MRSA，三个MSSA）带有多种基因，包括aacA-aphD，aphA3，erm（C），mph（C），dfrA，msrA和/或sat基因。其他30个MSSA分离株属于17个新型克隆复合体，不携带抗生素抗性基因，缺乏Panton-Valentine Leukocidin（PVL），并且大多数检查过外毒素基因。四个克隆复合体带有egc肠毒素基因，而四个具有edinB，它是一种脱落性毒素同源物。