Influenza-like illnesses (ILI) account for a significant portion of inappropriate antibiotic use. Patient expectations for antibiotics for ILI are likely to play a substantial role in ‘unnecessary’ antibiotic consumption. This study aimed to investigate trends in awareness of appropriate antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Three sequential online surveys of independent representative samples of adults in the United Kingdom investigated expectations for, and consumption of, antibiotics for ILI (May/June 2015 (n = 2064); Oct/Nov 2016 (n = 4000); Mar 2017 (n = 4000)). Respondents were asked whether they thought antibiotics were effective for ILI and about their antibiotic use. Proportions and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for each question and interactions with respondent characteristics were tested using logistic regression. Over the three surveys, the proportion of respondents who believed antibiotics would “definitely/probably” help an ILI fell from 37% (95% CI 35–39%) to 28% (95% CI 26–29%). Those who would “definitely/probably” visit a doctor in this situation fell from 48% (95% CI 46–50%) to 36% (95% CI 34–37%), while those who would request antibiotics during a consultation fell from 39% (95% CI 37–41%) to 30% (95% CI 29–32%). The percentage of respondents who found the information we provided about AMR “new/surprising” fell from 34% (95% CI 32–36%) to 28% (95% CI 26–31%). Awareness improved more among black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) than white people, with little other evidence of differences in improvements between subgroups. Whilst a degree of selection bias is unavoidable in online survey samples, the results suggest that awareness of AMR and appropriate antibiotic use has recently significantly improved in the United Kingdom, according to a wide range of indicators.

中文翻译：

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对流感样疾病的初级保健中适当使用抗生素的意识：来自英国人口调查的证据

流感样疾病（ILI）占抗生素使用不当的很大一部分。患者对ILI抗生素的期望可能会在“不必要”的抗生素消费中发挥重要作用。这项研究旨在调查对适当使用抗生素和抗菌素耐药性（AMR）的认识的趋势。对英国成年人的独立代表性样本进行的三项连续在线调查调查了对ILI抗生素的期望和消费情况（2015年5月/ 6月（n = 2064）; 2016年10月/ 11月（n = 4000）; 2017年3月（n= 4000））。被访者被问及他们是否认为抗生素对ILI有效，以及有关抗生素的使用。计算每个问题的比例和95％置信区间（CI），并使用logistic回归测试与受访者特征的相互作用。在这三项调查中，相信抗生素将“绝对/可能”帮助ILI的受访者比例从37％（95％CI 35-39％）降至28％（95％CI 26-29％）。在这种情况下将“绝对/可能”就医的患者从48％（95％CI 46–50％）下降到36％（95％CI 34–37％），而在咨询期间需要抗生素的患者下降从39％（95％CI 37–41％）增至30％（95％CI 29–32％）。发现我们提供的有关AMR“新的/令人惊讶的”信息的受访者比例从34％（95％CI 32-36％）降至28％（95％CI 26-31％）。与白人相比，黑人，亚洲人和少数民族（BAME）的意识得到的改善更多，几乎没有其他证据表明亚组之间的改善有所不同。尽管在线调查样本中不可避免地会出现一定程度的选择偏见，但结果表明，根据一系列指标，英国对AMR的认识和适当使用抗生素的情况最近得到了显着改善。