Silvopastoral systems (SPSs) can increase overall productivity and long‐term income due to the simultaneous production of trees, forage, and livestock. This 2‐yr study evaluated animal performance and herbage responses in C₄–grass monoculture or in SPS in the subhumid tropical region of Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications. Treatments were: Urochloa decumbens (Stapf.) R. Webster (Signalgrass) + Mimosa caesalpiniifolia Benth (SPS–mimosa), Signalgrass + Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp (SPS–gliricidia), and signalgrass monoculture (SM). Response variables included herbage and livestock responses. Cattle were managed under continuous stocking with variable stocking rate. There was a treatment × month interaction for herbage mass. Green herbage accumulation rate ranged from 20 to 80 kg dry matter ha⁻¹ d⁻¹ across months, with SPS–mimosa presenting lower rates. Average daily gain was greater in SPS–gliricidia, followed by SM and SPS–mimosa (0.77, 0.56, and 0.23 kg d⁻¹, respectively), varying across months. Stocking rate ranged from 0.86 to 1.6 AU ha⁻¹. Total gain per area during the experimental period was greater for SPS–gliricidia (423 kg body weight [BW] ha⁻¹), followed by signalgrass in monoculture (347 kg BW ha⁻¹) and SPS–mimosa (50 kg BW ha⁻¹). Silvopasture systems using signalgrass and gliricidia enhanced livestock gains compared with signalgrass in monoculture, and mimosa trees outcompeted signalgrass, reducing livestock gains. Silvopasture systems with tree legumes have the potential to provide numerous ecosystem services and to reduce the C footprint of livestock systems in the tropics; however, the choice of tree species is key and is determined by which ecosystem service is prioritized.

中文翻译：

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树木豆科提高了牧草系统中的牲畜性能

由于同时生产树木，牧草和牲畜，林牧系统（SPS）可以提高整体生产力和长期收入。这项为期2年的研究评估了巴西半湿润热带地区C ₄草单种养殖或SPS中的动物生长性能和牧草响应。实验设计是具有三个重复的随机完整块。治疗方法是：Urochloa decumbens（Stapf。）R. Webster（Signalgrass）+含羞草caesalpiniifolia Benth（SPS–mimosa），Signalgrass +菊苣（雅克）Walth（SPS–gliricidia），以及信号草单一栽培（SM）。响应变量包括牧草和牲畜响应。牛以可变的放养率连续放养。牧草质量有一个处理×月的交互作用。整个月中，绿色草料的累积量在20至80千克干物质ha ^-1 d ^-1之间，SPS-含羞草的累积量较低。SPS –胶质虫病的平均日增重更大，其次是SM和SPS –含羞草（分别为0.77、0.56和0.23 kg d ^-1），随月变化。放养率在0.86至1.6 AU ha ^-1之间。SPS-神经痛症在实验期间每单位面积的总收益更大（423 kg体重[BW] ha ^-1），然后是单一栽培中的信号草（347 kg BW ha ^-1）和SPS-含羞草（50 kg BW ha ^-1）。与单一栽培中的信号草相比，使用信号草和芦苇的Silvopasture系统提高了牲畜的收成，含羞草树的竞争能力超过了信号草，从而减少了牲畜的收成。带有树木豆科植物的Silvopasture系统有潜力提供多种生态系统服务，并减少热带地区牲畜系统的C足迹；然而，树种的选择是关键，并取决于优先选择哪种生态系统服务。