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When disaster strikes: Reconstitution of population density by expansion of survivors
Molecular Ecology ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-12 , DOI: 10.1111/mec.15680
Milorad Kojic 1 , Mira Milisavljevic 1
Affiliation  

Microorganisms have an assortment of stress‐response mechanisms that enable them to survive in the face of environmental stresses. However, with prolonged exposures to severe stresses adaptive stress responses ultimately fail, the affected populations may suffer a massive decline. Recovery of the population density in the aftermath of a massive death is a vital task. Our recent post‐stress regrowth under starvation (RUS) studies prompted us to propose RUS as an adaptation for overcoming consequences of devastating environmental disturbances. RUS should be seen as an integral process having two major aspects: the stress‐induced cellular auto‐decomposition and the recycling of the released nutrients. Here, we summarized what is already known about RUS and suggest a number of questions that are key to understanding the molecular underpinnings of these two operations. We also interrogate the prospect that would conceptualize the auto‐decomposition as a fitness‐maximizing mechanism acting with the purpose of an expedient supply of nutrients. Two further things are of special note: given that some of the RUS‐defective mutants are also impaired in DNA repair, RUS can serve as an important tool for uncovering new determinants operating, in some overlapping fashion, in the protection of genome integrity; also, RUS can serve as a new angle of approach that might, hopefully, assign roles to some of those (up to ~ 30%) of microbial genes that are of unknown function. More generally, understanding post‐stress reconstitution and the underlying mechanisms is a necessary (complementing) part of any comprehensive picture of how microbes cope with very harsh environmental disturbances.

中文翻译:

当灾难袭来时:通过幸存者的扩大来重建人口密度

微生物具有多种压力响应机制,使它们能够在面对环境压力时生存。但是,随着长时间暴露于严重压力下,适应性压力反应最终会失败,受影响的人群可能会大量减少。大规模死亡后恢复人口密度是一项至关重要的任务。我们最近的后应激[R egrowth ü的nDer小号RUS灭(RUS)研究促使我们提出RUS作为对克服破坏性环境干扰后果的适应。RUS应该被视为一个完整的过程,它具有两个主要方面:压力诱导的细胞自分解和释放的养分的循环利用。在这里,我们总结了关于RUS的已知信息,并提出了许多问题,这些问题对于理解这两个操作的分子基础至关重要。我们还审视了将自动分解概念化为适应性最大化机制的前景,该机制旨在方便地提供营养。还有两点需要特别注意:鉴于某些RUS缺陷型突变体在DNA修复中也受到损害,RUS可以作为发现新决定簇的重要工具,以某种重叠的方式,保护基因组的完整性;同样,RUS可以作为一种新的方法视角,希望可以为某些功能不明的微生物基因(约30%)分配角色。更广泛地讲,了解压力后的重建及其基本机制是微生物如何应对极为严峻的环境干扰的全面描述中的必要部分(补充部分)。
更新日期:2020-12-06
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