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Fitness characteristics of the European lineages of Phytophthora ramorum
Plant Pathology ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-12 , DOI: 10.1111/ppa.13292
Anna R. Harris 1 , Clive M. Brasier 1 , Bruno Scanu 2 , Joan F. Webber 1
Affiliation  

As an introduced pathogen, Phytophthora ramorum exists as four near‐clonal evolutionary lineages, of which only EU1 and EU2 are established in the UK. EU1 has become widespread since the first findings in 2002 whereas EU2, detected in 2011, has a more limited distribution. Both lineages are epidemic in plantation‐grown larch, sporulating asexually on needles, but also causing heavy dieback and mortality. To understand whether EU1 and EU2 pose different threats to forest health, we compared their growth characteristics on agar, pathogenicity on several hosts, and sporulation on Japanese larch needles. When pathogenicity was evaluated by measuring colonization at 20 °C in mature bark (phloem) of Japanese and European larch (Larix kaempferi and L. decidua), English oak (Quercus robur), and beech (Fagus sylvatica), Japanese larch was the most susceptible and oak the least susceptible. On average, EU2 isolates produced significantly larger lesions than EU1 isolates in Japanese larch and oak although not in the other hosts. With tests using young saplings of Japanese and European larch, damaging bark lesions formed at both 10 °C and 20 °C, but EU2 was significantly more pathogenic at 20 °C on both hosts compared with EU1. In contrast, both lineages caused similar amounts of necrosis on inoculated leaves of rhododendron (Rhododendron ponticum). Moreover, EU2 isolates usually sporulated less abundantly on larch needles compared with EU1 isolates, suggesting a trade‐off in pathogenicity and sporulation between lineages. As EU2 tends to have smaller sporangia than EU1, this could also reduce the inoculum potential of EU2.

中文翻译:

欧洲疫霉菌谱系的适应性特征

作为一种引入的病原体,疫霉菌以四个近克隆进化谱系存在,在英国仅建立了EU1和EU2。自2002年首次发现以来,EU1就已经广泛传播了,而2011年检测到的EU2则分布更加有限。两种血统都在人工林生长的落叶松中流行,在针上无性地形成孢子,但也造成严重的枯死和死亡。为了了解EU1和EU2是否对森林健康构成不同的威胁,我们比较了它们在琼脂上的生长特性,在几个寄主上的致病性以及在日本落叶松针上的孢子形成。当致病性通过测量在定植在日本的成熟树皮(韧皮部)和欧洲落叶松(20℃评价日本落叶松大号落叶松Decidua),英国栎(Quercus robur)和山毛榉(Fagus sylvatica),日本落叶松最易感,橡木最不易感。平均而言,EU2分离株比日本落叶松和橡树中的EU1分离株产生的病灶要大得多,尽管其他宿主中没有。使用日本和欧洲落叶松的幼树苗进行测试,在10°C和20°C时都形成了破坏性的树皮病害,但是与EU1相比,EU2在20°C时对两个宿主的致病性都明显更高。相反,两个谱系在杜鹃(Rhododendron ponticum)的接种叶片上造成了相似程度的坏死)。此外,与EU1分离株相比,EU2分离株通常在落叶松针上的孢子形成较少,这表明在致病性和谱系之间的孢子形成之间需要权衡取舍。由于EU2的孢子囊往往比EU1小,因此也可能降低EU2的接种潜力。
更新日期:2020-10-12
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