Several biophysical characteristics underlay Britain's Industrial Revolution: improvements in agricultural productivity, large increases in use of coal-energy supply, and physical construction of infrastructure for industrialization and urbanization. These characteristics are represented in a four-sector model of Britain's economy (1760 to 1913) including agriculture, mining, construction of capital, and the production of goods and services. The model has a novel mathematical representation of a dynamic general equilibrium between capital, labor, and energy in an economy. Historical data are used to calibrate the model for growth of Britain's capital stock, coal use, and employment during the Industrial Revolution (first and second periods). Model simulations explore the impacts of two biophysical constraints: stagnation in agricultural productivity and reduced efficiency in coal mining in the absence of steam engines. Both scenarios exhibit substantial reductions in the growth of capital stock and significant changes to the distribution of labor. This article met the requirements for a gold-gold JIE data openness badge described at http://jie.click/badges.

中文翻译：

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工业革命的生物物理模型

英国工业革命的几个生物物理特征是：农业生产力的提高、煤炭能源供应的大量使用以及工业化和城市化基础设施的实体建设。这些特征体现在英国经济的四部门模型（1760 年至 1913 年）中，包括农业、采矿、资本建设以及商品和服务的生产。该模型对经济中的资本、劳动力和能源之间的动态一般均衡具有新颖的数学表示。历史数据用于校准工业革命期间（第一和第二时期）英国资本存量、煤炭使用和就业增长的模型。模型模拟探索了两个生物物理约束的影响：在没有蒸汽机的情况下，农业生产力停滞不前，煤炭开采效率降低。这两种情景都表现出资本存量增长的大幅下降和劳动力分配的显着变化。本文满足了http://jie.click/badges 上描述的金-金JIE 数据开放徽章的要求。