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Discrete sampling in perception via neuronal oscillations—Evidence from rhythmic, non-invasive brain stimulation
European Journal of Neroscience ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-13 , DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15006
Florian H Kasten 1, 2 , Christoph S Herrmann 1, 2, 3
Affiliation  

A variety of perceptual phenomena suggest that, in contrast to our everyday experience, our perception may be discrete rather than continuous. The possibility of such discrete sampling processes inevitably prompts the question of how such discretization is implemented in the brain. Evidence from neurophysiological measurements suggest that neural oscillations, particularly in the lower frequencies, may provide a mechanism by which such discretization can be implemented. It is hypothesized that cortical excitability is rhythmically enhanced or reduced along the positive and negative half-cycle of such oscillations. In recent years, rhythmic non-invasive brain stimulation approaches such as rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) are increasingly used to test this hypothesis. Both methods are thought to entrain endogenous brain oscillations, allowing them to alter their power, frequency, and phase in order to study their roles in perception. After a brief introduction to the core mechanisms of both methods, we will provide an overview of rTMS and tACS studies probing the role of brain oscillations for discretized perception in different domains and will contrast these results with unsuccessful attempts. Further, we will discuss methodological pitfalls and challenges associated with the methods.

中文翻译:

通过神经元振荡进行感知的离散采样——来自有节奏的非侵入性脑刺激的证据

各种感知现象表明,与我们的日常经验相比,我们的感知可能是离散的而不是连续的。这种离散采样过程的可能性不可避免地引发了如何在大脑中实现这种离散化的问题。来自神经生理学测量的证据表明,神经振荡,特别是在较低频率下,可能提供一种机制,通过这种机制可以实现这种离散化。假设皮质兴奋性沿着这种振荡的正负半周期有节奏地增强或降低。近年来,节律性非侵入性脑刺激方法,如节律性经颅磁刺激 (rTMS) 和经颅交流电刺激 (tACS) 越来越多地用于检验这一假设。这两种方法都被认为会引入内源性大脑振荡,使它们能够改变它们的功率、频率和相位,以研究它们在感知中的作用。在简要介绍这两种方法的核心机制后,我们将概述 rTMS 和 tACS 研究,探讨脑振荡在不同领域离散感知中的作用,并将这些结果与不成功的尝试进行对比。此外,我们将讨论与这些方法相关的方法陷阱和挑战。我们将概述 rTMS 和 tACS 研究,探讨脑振荡在不同领域离散感知中的作用,并将这些结果与不成功的尝试进行对比。此外,我们将讨论与这些方法相关的方法陷阱和挑战。我们将概述 rTMS 和 tACS 研究,探讨脑振荡在不同领域离散感知中的作用,并将这些结果与不成功的尝试进行对比。此外,我们将讨论与这些方法相关的方法陷阱和挑战。
更新日期:2020-10-13
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