Passenger activities in terminals can be understood better in the current era, when sensors are pervasive throughout airports. This study demonstrated the usefulness of combining multiple-source data to investigate passenger behavior in airports. Objective time-use and terminal activity participation data of 266 air passengers’ behavior at Taipei Songshan International Airport were collected from beacons, a self-developed mobile application, and questionnaires. The study first investigated recall errors generated from self-report questionnaires, an approach commonly used in previous studies with a retrospective design. The study then assessed the participation and duration of terminal activities conducted by passengers with standard, nested, and mixed multiple discrete-continuous extreme value models. The analysis results revealed that recall errors were associated with activity choice and duration and passenger characteristics. These errors were not random but systematic and could potentially lead to biased results in retrospective studies solely based on self-report questionnaires. The estimation results of extreme value models generally confirmed the expected association of terminal activity choice with passenger characteristics, such as more frequent retail store visits in female passengers than in male passengers. However, the associations of passenger characteristics with activity duration could be consistent with or opposite to those with activity choice; for example, frequent flyers tended to consume food and beverages (F&B) more frequently and spend a longer time in restaurants whereas passengers having a long free dwell time were less likely than those having a short free dwell time to consume F&B but the duration was relatively long on average. Managerial implications for airports and retailers and recommendations for future air passenger behavioral studies were provided.

在当今时代，当传感器遍及整个机场时，可以更好地理解候机楼内的旅客活动。这项研究证明了结合多种来源的数据来调查机场旅客行为的有效性。通过信标，自行开发的移动应用程序和调查表收集了台北松山国际机场266名航空乘客行为的客观时间使用和终端活动参与数据。这项研究首先调查了自我报告调查表产生的召回错误，这是以前的研究中通常采用回顾性设计的方法。然后，该研究使用标准的，嵌套的和混合的多个离散连续的极值模型评估了乘客进行的终端活动的参与程度和持续时间。分析结果表明，召回错误与活动选择，持续时间和乘客特征有关。这些错误不是随机的，而是系统的，可能仅基于自我报告调查表的回顾性研究就可能导致结果有偏差。极值模型的估计结果通常确认了终端活动选择与乘客特征的预期关联，例如女性乘客比男性乘客更频繁地逛零售商店。然而，乘客特征与活动持续时间的关联可能与那些与活动选择相关的一致或相反。例如，飞行常客倾向于食用食物和饮料（F＆B）更频繁地在餐馆里花费更长的时间，而自由停留时间较长的乘客比自由停留时间较短的乘客消费餐饮的可能性较小，但平均而言，停留时间相对较长。提供了对机场和零售商的管理意义以及对未来航空旅客行为研究的建议。