Abstract Planets form and obtain their compositions in disks of gas and dust around young stars. The chemical compositions of these planet-forming disks regulate all aspects of planetary compositions from bulk elemental inventories to access to water and reactive organics, i.e. a planet’s hospitality to life and its chemical origins. Disk chemical structures are in their turn governed by a combination of in situ chemical processes, and inheritance of molecules from the preceding evolutionary stages of the star formation process. In this review we present our current understanding of the chemical processes active in pre- and protostellar environments that set the initial conditions for disks, and the disk chemical processes that evolve the chemical conditions during the first million years of planet formation. We review recent observational, laboratory and theoretical discoveries that have led to the present view of the chemical environment within which planets form, and their effects on the compositions of nascent planetary systems. We also discuss the many unknowns that remain and outline some possible pathways to addressing them.

中文翻译：

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行星系统的天体化学和组成

摘要 行星在年轻恒星周围的气体和尘埃盘中形成并获得它们的成分。这些行星形成盘的化学成分调节行星成分的所有方面，从大量元素库存到获取水和反应性有机物，即行星对生命及其化学起源的热情。圆盘化学结构反过来又受原位化学过程和来自恒星形成过程的先前进化阶段的分子遗传的组合控制。在这篇综述中，我们展示了我们目前对形成盘的初始条件的前恒星和原恒星环境中活跃的化学过程的理解，以及在行星形成的前一百万年中演化化学条件的盘化学过程。我们回顾最近的观察，实验室和理论发现导致目前对行星形成的化学环境及其对新生行星系统组成的影响的看法。我们还讨论了许多仍然存在的未知因素，并概述了解决这些问题的一些可能途径。