Abstract A simultaneous impact of three water drops (aligned with equidistant spacing) onto a solid wall covered by a thin liquid film is predicted by direct numerical simulation using the multiphase code Free Surface 3D (FS3D) which is based on the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method and uses the piecewise linear interface calculation (PLIC) method to reconstruct the interface. The numerically reproduced splashing morphology is qualitatively and quantitatively compared with available experimental data and theoretical models. The results show the reliability of the numerical tool (FS3D) to predict quantitatively the complex phenomena involved in detail, like the evolution of crown geometry and the liquid structures resulting from the interaction between the different crowns. The comparison evidenced also the most important critical aspects of the numerical simulation of such complex phenomena, not often reported or even considered in the available open literature (e.g. the early lamella rupture observed in the simulation, caused by a limited numerical resolution, antagonist to the inadequacy of related rupture models). This phenomenon is still a challenging research topic (from both the experimental and the numerical side) and its study is still a necessary step for gaining detailed knowledge for improving the stochastic simulations of multiple drops impact onto liquid films.

中文翻译：

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多滴撞击液膜：直接数值模拟和实验验证

摘要 通过使用基于流体体积的多相代码自由表面 3D (FS3D) 的直接数值模拟，可以预测三个水滴（以等距间距对齐）同时撞击被薄液膜覆盖的固体壁。 (VOF) 方法并使用分段线性界面计算 (PLIC) 方法重建界面。数值再现的飞溅形态与可用的实验数据和理论模型进行了定性和定量比较。结果显示了数值工具 (FS3D) 的可靠性，可以定量预测详细涉及的复杂现象，例如冠部几何形状的演变以及不同冠部之间相互作用导致的液体结构。比较也证明了这种复杂现象的数值模拟最重要的关键方面，在可用的公开文献中很少报道甚至没有考虑（例如，在模拟中观察到的早期薄片破裂，由有限的数值分辨率引起，与相关破裂模型的不足）。这种现象仍然是一个具有挑战性的研究课题（从实验和数值方面），它的研究仍然是获得详细知识以改进多滴撞击液膜的随机模拟的必要步骤。反对相关破裂模型的不足）。这种现象仍然是一个具有挑战性的研究课题（从实验和数值方面），它的研究仍然是获得详细知识以改进多滴撞击液膜的随机模拟的必要步骤。反对相关破裂模型的不足）。这种现象仍然是一个具有挑战性的研究课题（从实验和数值方面），它的研究仍然是获得详细知识以改进多滴撞击液膜的随机模拟的必要步骤。