Abstract Chemical deicers are used in winter maintenance of roads and runways to melt ice and restore a bare pavement. The melting rate of these deicers is a fundamental performance factor, but good test methods to quantify the melting rate are still lacking. In this study, we present a method to measure the melting rate with calorimetry. The method provides a good control over heat fluxes and mixing which are crucial factors for the melting. In addition, it has an advantage of testing a deicer ‘as received’ without any sample handling during the test. The results showed that the melting rate of CaCl2 and MgCl2 can be clearly distinguished from NaCl. Solving the heat balance for solid deicers requires the deicer concentration in the meltwater to account for the enthalpy of dissolution. The freeze point and solubility concentrations set the physical limits on concentration and were used to assess the uncertainty due to unknown concentration. The extent of the uncertainty did not allow for a distinction between CaCl2 and MgCl2. This showed the need for an improved assumption scheme based on direct measurements. To represent a non-linear melting rate, different single-number metrics were investigated. The time it takes to reach 75% of the melting capacity gave the best characterization of the melting performance.

中文翻译：

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量热法可以用来测量除冰剂的融化速度吗？

摘要 化学除冰剂用于道路和跑道的冬季维护，以融化冰块并恢复裸露的路面。这些除冰剂的熔化速率是一个基本的性能因素，但仍然缺乏量化熔化速率的良好测试方法。在这项研究中，我们提出了一种用量热法测量熔化速率的方法。该方法提供了对热通量和混合的良好控制，这些是熔化的关键因素。此外，它还有一个优势，即在测试过程中无需任何样品处理即可测试“原样”的除冰剂。结果表明，CaCl2 和 MgCl2 的熔化速率可以与 NaCl 明显区分开来。解决固体除冰剂的热平衡需要融水中的除冰剂浓度来解释溶解焓。凝固点和溶解度浓度设定了浓度的物理极限，并用于评估由于未知浓度引起的不确定性。不确定性的程度不允许区分 CaCl2 和 MgCl2。这表明需要基于直接测量的改进假设方案。为了表示非线性熔解速率，研究了不同的单数指标。达到熔化容量的 75% 所需的时间给出了熔化性能的最佳表征。研究了不同的单数指标。达到熔化容量的 75% 所需的时间给出了熔化性能的最佳表征。研究了不同的单数指标。达到熔化能力的 75% 所需的时间给出了熔化性能的最佳表征。