Abstract

The active development of the Russian Arctic in the last 10 years requires relevant data on the bearing capacity of rocks on the Arctic shelf of the Russian Federation. To assess the bearing capacity of soils, knowledge of the distribution and state of permafrost on the Arctic shelf is needed. This article discusses the rationale and possibilities of the proposed integrated geocryological and geophysical analysis. The technique of the research includes sea electroprospecting works, drilling on the shelf, thermometric observations in the drilled wells, bench tests of soils, and modeling of electromagnetic and thermal fields on the shelf. It is shown that the most informative geophysical method for studying of permafrost on the shelf is electromagnetic sounding by the TEM method. The most informative geophysical method for studying of permafrost in the “land–shelf” transit zone is frequency electromagnetic (FS) sounding. In this article there are examples of the standard interpretation of geophysical data and inversion of geophysical data in the mode of the fixed model of specific electrical resistivity. Using the example of the Yamal shelf it is shown that the standard interpretation does not allow an unambiguous solution of geocryologic tasks on the shelf. Specific electric results of determination of electric properties of soils in laboratory are necessary in the case of the inversion of geophysical data in the mode of thickly stratified models and the fixed model. An important component of the proposed complex is boring and thermometric research, which provide validation of the results of geophysical inversion. Measurement of the temperatures of soils in the wells is especially important under the conditions of the Arctic shelf. Calculations for thermal models complete the complex of research. The collateral analysis of geoelectric and thermal models allows one to estimate the depth to the bottom of permafrost, as well as the thickness of gas hydrate strata. Use of the developed complex of studies on the shelf of the Pechora, Karsky, Laptev, and Chukchi Seas made it possible to obtain new ideas about the distribution permafrost rocks and the development of gas hydrates on the shelf of the seas of the Russian Arctic.

中文翻译：

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俄罗斯北极架上多年冻土和天然气水合物研究的复杂地学地球物理分析原理

摘要

俄罗斯北极地区过去10年的积极发展需要有关俄罗斯联邦北极大陆架上岩石承载力的相关数据。为了评估土壤的承载力，需要了解北极大陆架上多年冻土的分布和状态。本文讨论了所提出的综合地质学和地球物理分析的原理和可能性。研究技术包括海洋电勘探工作，在架子上钻孔，在测井中进行测温观测，对土壤进行台架试验以及对架子上的电磁场和热场进行建模。结果表明，研究架子上多年冻土最有用的地球物理方法是电磁透射法。研究“陆架”过渡带中多年冻土的最有用的地球物理方法是频率电磁（FS）探测。在本文中，将以固定电阻率固定模型的方式对地球物理数据进行标准解释和地球物理数据反演的示例。以Yamal架子为例，它表明标准解释不允许在架子上明确地解决地质任务。在以厚分层模型和固定模型的形式对地球物理数据进行反演的情况下，需要在实验室确定土壤电特性的特定电学结果。拟议的综合体的重要组成部分是钻孔和测温研究，这些研究可提供对地球物理反演结果的验证。在北极大陆架的条件下，井中土壤温度的测量尤为重要。热模型的计算完成了研究的复杂性。地电和热力模型的附带分析使人们可以估算到永久冻土底部的深度以及天然气水合物地层的厚度。利用Pechora，Karsky，Laptev和Chukchi海陆架上发达的研究综合体，有可能获得关于俄罗斯北极海陆架上多年冻土岩石分布和天然气水合物开发的新思路。地电和热力模型的附带分析使人们可以估算到永久冻土底部的深度以及天然气水合物地层的厚度。利用Pechora，Karsky，Laptev和Chukchi海陆架上发达的研究综合体，有可能获得关于俄罗斯北极海陆架上多年冻土岩石分布和天然气水合物开发的新思路。地电和热力模型的附带分析使人们可以估算到永久冻土底部的深度以及天然气水合物地层的厚度。利用Pechora，Karsky，Laptev和Chukchi海陆架上发达的研究综合体，有可能获得关于俄罗斯北极海陆架上多年冻土岩石分布和天然气水合物开发的新思路。