Abstract Early sea urchin embryos are sensitive to agonists and antagonists of transmitter receptors, both metabotropic and channel ones. In this work, we studied mechanisms of the cytostatic action of cyproheptadine and haloperidol–antagonists of serotonin 5HT 2 receptors and dopamine D 2 receptors, respectively. For this purpose, we employed the model of the blockade of the first cleavage division in sea urchin, which allows quantifying the effects of embryotoxic substances. The action of haloperidol and cyproheptadine is mediated by the effects on cytoskeleton elements. Both antagonists caused an increase in the degree of polymerization of the actin cytoskeleton, both in the cortical layer and in the cytoplasm. In addition, both antagonists affected the tubulin cytoskeleton: haloperidol predominantly disturbed spatial organization of the mitotic spindle, while cyproheptadine caused a complete depolymerization of tubulin and arrest of mitotic processes. The results indicate that cytostatic effects of dopamine and serotonin antagonists on cleavage divisions of sea urchin embryos are mediated by similar and/or crosstalk molecular mechanisms but also have significant differences that require further research.

中文翻译：

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氟哌啶醇和赛庚啶对海胆胚胎细胞骨架的影响

摘要 早期海胆胚胎对递质受体的激动剂和拮抗剂敏感，包括代谢型和通道型。在这项工作中，我们分别研究了赛庚啶和氟哌啶醇（5-羟色胺 5HT 2 受体和多巴胺 D 2 受体的拮抗剂）的细胞抑制作用机制。为此，我们采用了海胆第一次卵裂分裂的封锁模型，该模型可以量化胚胎毒性物质的影响。氟哌啶醇和赛庚啶的作用是通过对细胞骨架元件的作用介导的。两种拮抗剂都导致皮质层和细胞质中肌动蛋白细胞骨架的聚合度增加。此外，两种拮抗剂都会影响微管蛋白细胞骨架：氟哌啶醇主要干扰有丝分裂纺锤体的空间组织，而赛庚啶引起微管蛋白的完全解聚和有丝分裂过程的停滞。结果表明，多巴胺和血清素拮抗剂对海胆胚胎卵裂分裂的细胞抑制作用是由相似和/或串扰分子机制介导的，但也存在显着差异，需要进一步研究。