Transient reaction modulation has found its place in many branches of chemical reaction engineering over the past hundred years. Historically, catalytic reactions have been dominated by the impulse to reduce spatial and temporal perturbations in favor of steady, static systems due to their ease of operation and scalability. Transient reactor operation, however, has seen remarkable growth in the past few decades, where new operating regimes are being revealed to enhance catalytic reaction rates beyond the statically achievable limits classically described by thermodynamics and the Sabatier principle. These theoretical and experimental studies suggest that there exists a resonant frequency which coincides with its catalytic turnover that can be exploited and amplified for a given reaction to overcome classical barriers. This review discusses the evolution of thought from thermostatic (equilibrium), to thermodynamic (dynamic equilibrium), and finally dynamic (non-equilibrium) catalysis. Natural and forced dynamic oscillations are explored with periodic reactor operation of catalytic systems that modulate energetics and local concentrations through a multitude of approaches, and the challenges to unlock this new class of catalytic reaction engineering is discussed.

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动态控制催化反应工程的进展

过去一百年来，瞬态反应调节已在化学反应工程的许多分支中找到了自己的位置。从历史上看，由于催化反应的易操作性和可扩展性，其以减少空间和时间扰动的冲动为主导，从而有利于稳定的静态系统。然而，在过去的几十年中，瞬态反应器的运行有了显着的增长，其中新的运行方式被揭示出可以提高催化反应速率，使其超过热力学和Sabatier原理经典描述的静态可达到的极限。这些理论和实验研究表明，存在一个共振频率，该共振频率与其催化转化率相吻合，对于给定的反应可利用和放大该共振频率以克服经典的障碍。这篇综述讨论了思想从恒温（平衡）到热力学（动态平衡），最后是动态（非平衡）催化的演变。通过催化系统的周期性反应器运行探索自然和强迫动态振荡，该催化系统通过多种方法来调节能量和局部浓度，并讨论了解锁这类新型催化反应工程的挑战。