Olive production is the main agricultural activity in Tunisia. The diversity of fungi was explored in two different olive groves located in two distant geographical zones in Sfax (Tunisia) with different management practices. Fungal isolation was made from soil and the major olive tree pests, namely the Olive fly, Bactrocera oleae Gmelin (Diptera: Tephritidae), and the Olive psyllid, Euphyllura olivina Costa (Homoptera: Psyllidae). A total of 34 fungal isolates were identified according to their phenotypic, genotypic, biochemical and biological activities. Twenty fungal species were identified belonging to six different genera (Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Lecanicillium and Penicillium) by the analysis of their ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 ribosomal DNA region. Different bioassays performed in this work revealed that 25/34 (73.5%) of the identified fungal isolates showed an entomopathogenic and/or antagonistic activity, 9/34 (26.5%) of them displayed phytopathogenic features. Fungal species that showed entomopathogenic and/or antagonistic potentialities and that are non-phytopathogenic, (17/34; 50%) of our fungal isolates, could be explored for olive protection against fungal diseases and pests, and might have a future application as biocontrol agents.

中文翻译：

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突尼斯橄榄园真菌的鉴定：表征和生物防治潜力

橄榄生产是突尼斯的主要农业活动。在位于斯法克斯（突尼斯）两个遥远地理区域的两个不同橄榄园中探索了真菌的多样性，并采用了不同的管理方法。真菌分离是从土壤和主要的橄榄树害虫中分离出来的，即橄榄果蝇、油果实蝇 Gmelin（双翅目：实蝇科）和橄榄木虱，Euphyllura olivina Costa（同翅目：木虱科）。根据表型、基因型、生化和生物学活性，共鉴定出 34 株真菌分离株。通过分析它们的 ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 核糖体 DNA 区域，确定了属于 6 个不同属（链格孢属、曲霉属、枝孢属、镰刀菌属、Lecanicillium 和青霉属）的 20 种真菌。在这项工作中进行的不同生物测定表明 25/34 (73. 5%) 已鉴定的真菌分离株显示出昆虫病原和/或拮抗活性，其中 9/34 (26.5%) 显示出植物病原特征。表现出昆虫病原和/或拮抗潜力以及非植物病原性的真菌物种，（17/34；50%）我们的真菌分离株，可以探索橄榄对真菌疾病和害虫的保护，并可能在未来作为生物防治应用代理。