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Editorial: Visual diversity and equity in lighting
Lighting Research & Technology ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 , DOI: 10.1177/1477153520956407
Michael Royer 1
Affiliation  

For the design of lighting systems in the built environment, the remarkable diversity of the human population is reduced to a single ‘standard’ observer, which forms the basis for most of the metrics used in product characterisation and specification. Although guidance exists for some specific populations, such as seniors and the low vision population, in most lighting research and most buildings the presence of susceptible and sensitive populations is not considered. For example, on the order of 5% of the population exhibit some form of colour vision deficiency. Despite at least anecdotal evidence that light sources with specific colour rendition characteristics may help with colour discrimination and environmental satisfaction for those people, there has been no concerted research effort or subsequent outreach to help design more inclusive illumination systems. Even among those with ‘normal’ colour vision, there is well-documented diversity in visual sensitivities that can produce metameric mismatches across observers. Only recently has work been initiated to understand how such diversity can be addressed in the design and specification of light sources. The question of equity in lighting is not limited to colour vision. A minority of people have increased sensitivity to flicker and face consequences ranging from annoyance to migraines to severe neurological ailments, yet present design criteria do not consider these people and the harm that can be inflicted upon them by inadequate lighting. The deleterious effects of flickering light on people on the autism spectrum are frequently mentioned in design advice, although there is little research to document problematic waveforms. Glare is another consideration, like many elements of visual quality and visual comfort, where the experience of a range of people can be widely varied and designing to the average may not be advisable. Too often, the need to design spaces for all potential occupants is lost among competing lighting goals. What can be done to improve the situation? To begin, the lighting research community can conduct experiments centred on sensitive or disadvantaged populations: people with colour vision deficiencies, those suffering from migraines, people on the autism spectrum, and others whose needs may not be met by focusing on averages. Young university students with ‘normal’ colour vision, a common participant pool, are unlikely to represent the population of occupants in architectural spaces. The need is not necessarily to redefine metrics and other evaluation tools, but to reconsider the guidance – often in the form of consensus-based specification criteria – that are used to implement these tools, prioritising consideration for those whose needs are unmet by standard lighting practice. As lighting science and technology mature, extending practice to consider the diversity of occupants, rather than the average occupant, is a logical goal – and one that has few downsides. In addressing the needs of people who respond differently to light stimuli, the illuminated environment can be improved for everyone.

中文翻译:

社论:照明的视觉多样性和公平性

对于建筑环境中的照明系统设计,人口的显着多样性被简化为单一的“标准”观察者,这构成了产品特性和规格中使用的大多数指标的基础。尽管针对某些特定人群(例如老年人和低视力人群)存在指导,但在大多数照明研究和大多数建筑物中,并未考虑易感人群和敏感人群的存在。例如,大约 5% 的人口表现出某种形式的色觉缺陷。尽管至少有轶事证据表明具有特定色彩再现特性的光源可能有助于这些人的色彩辨别和环境满意度,没有协调一致的研究工作或随后的外展活动来帮助设计更具包容性的照明系统。即使在那些具有“正常”色觉的人中,也有充分记录的视觉敏感性的多样性,这可能会在观察者之间产生同色异谱的不匹配。直到最近才开始了解如何在光源的设计和规范中解决这种多样性的工作。照明公平的问题不仅限于色觉。少数人对闪烁的敏感性增加,并面临从烦恼到偏头痛到严重神经系统疾病的后果,但目前的设计标准并未考虑这些人以及照明不足可能对他们造成的伤害。设计建议中经常提到闪烁的光线对自闭症谱系人群的有害影响,尽管很少有研究记录有问题的波形。眩光是另一个考虑因素,就像视觉质量和视觉舒适度的许多元素一样,在这种情况下,一系列人的体验可能会有很大差异,因此可能不建议按照平均水平进行设计。很多时候,在相互竞争的照明目标中失去了为所有潜在居住者设计空间的需要。可以做些什么来改善这种情况?首先,照明研究界可以针对敏感或弱势群体进行实验:有色觉缺陷的人、偏头痛的人、自闭症谱系的人,以及其他可能无法通过关注平均值来满足需求的人。具有“正常”色觉的年轻大学生,一个共同的参与者群体,不太可能代表建筑空间中的居住者群体。不一定需要重新定义指标和其他评估工具,而是重新考虑用于实施这些工具的指南——通常以基于共识的规范标准的形式——优先考虑那些标准照明实践未满足需求的人. 随着照明科学和技术的成熟,扩展实践以考虑居住者的多样性,而不是平均居住者,是一个合乎逻辑的目标 - 并且几乎没有缺点。在满足对光刺激有不同反应的人们的需求时,可以为每个人改善照明环境。不太可能代表建筑空间中的居住人口。不一定需要重新定义指标和其他评估工具,而是重新考虑用于实施这些工具的指南——通常以基于共识的规范标准的形式——优先考虑那些标准照明实践未满足需求的人. 随着照明科学和技术的成熟,扩展实践以考虑居住者的多样性,而不是平均居住者,是一个合乎逻辑的目标 - 并且几乎没有缺点。在满足对光刺激有不同反应的人们的需求时,可以为每个人改善照明环境。不太可能代表建筑空间中的居住人口。不一定需要重新定义指标和其他评估工具,而是重新考虑用于实施这些工具的指南——通常以基于共识的规范标准的形式——优先考虑那些标准照明实践未满足需求的人. 随着照明科学和技术的成熟,扩展实践以考虑居住者的多样性,而不是平均居住者,是一个合乎逻辑的目标 - 并且几乎没有缺点。在满足对光刺激有不同反应的人们的需求时,可以为每个人改善照明环境。但要重新考虑用于实施这些工具的指南——通常以基于共识的规范标准的形式——优先考虑那些标准照明实践未满足需求的人。随着照明科学和技术的成熟,扩展实践以考虑居住者的多样性,而不是平均居住者,是一个合乎逻辑的目标 - 并且几乎没有缺点。在满足对光刺激有不同反应的人们的需求时,可以为每个人改善照明环境。但要重新考虑用于实施这些工具的指南——通常以基于共识的规范标准的形式——优先考虑那些标准照明实践未满足需求的人。随着照明科学和技术的成熟,扩展实践以考虑居住者的多样性,而不是平均居住者,是一个合乎逻辑的目标 - 并且几乎没有缺点。在满足对光刺激有不同反应的人们的需求时,可以为每个人改善照明环境。而不是普通居住者,是一个合乎逻辑的目标——而且几乎没有缺点。在满足对光刺激有不同反应的人们的需求时,可以为每个人改善照明环境。而不是普通居住者,是一个合乎逻辑的目标——而且几乎没有缺点。在满足对光刺激有不同反应的人们的需求时,可以为每个人改善照明环境。
更新日期:2020-10-01
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