Background and objectives: Most cancers appear with reduced frequency in Parkinson ′ s disease (PD), but the prevalence of melanoma and brain cancers are often reported to be increased. Shared genetic architecture and causal relationships to explain these associations have not been fully explored. Methods: Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) was applied for five cancer studies with available genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics to examine genetic correlations with PD. Additionally, we used GWAS summary statistics of 15 different types of cancers as exposures and two-sample Mendelian randomization to study the causal relationship with PD (outcome). Results: LDSC analysis revealed a potential genetic correlation between PD and melanoma, breast cancer and prostate cancer. There was no evidence to support a causal relationship between the studied cancers and PD. Conclusions: Our results suggest shared genetic architecture between PD and melanoma, breast, and prostate cancers, but no obvious causal relationship between cancers and PD.

中文翻译：

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癌症和帕金森氏病的遗传相关性和因果关系

背景与目的：大多数癌症在帕金森氏病（PD）中出现的频率降低，但是据报道，黑色素瘤和脑癌的患病率增加。尚未完全探讨共享的遗传结构和因果关系来解释这些关联。方法：将连锁不平衡评分回归（LDSC）应用于五项癌症研究，并利用现有的全基因组关联研究（GWAS）汇总统计数据，检查与PD的遗传相关性。此外，我们使用GWAS汇总的15种不同类型癌症的统计数据作为暴露量，并采用两次孟德尔随机抽样研究了与PD的因果关系（结果）。结果：LDSC分析显示PD与黑色素瘤，乳腺癌和前列腺癌之间存在潜在的遗传相关性。没有证据支持所研究的癌症与PD之间的因果关系。结论：我们的结果表明PD与黑色素瘤，乳腺癌和前列腺癌之间具有共同的遗传结构，但癌症与PD之间没有明显的因果关系。