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Resonant phase-matching between a light wave and a free-electron wavefunction
Nature Physics ( IF 19.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-12 , DOI: 10.1038/s41567-020-01042-w
Raphael Dahan , Saar Nehemia , Michael Shentcis , Ori Reinhardt , Yuval Adiv , Xihang Shi , Orr Be’er , Morgan H. Lynch , Yaniv Kurman , Kangpeng Wang , Ido Kaminer

Quantum light–matter interactions of bound electron systems have been studied extensively. By contrast, quantum interactions of free electrons with light have only become accessible in recent years, following the discovery of photon-induced near-field electron microscopy (PINEM). So far, the fundamental free electron–light interaction in all PINEM experiments has remained weak due to its localized near-field nature, which imposes an energy–momentum mismatch between electrons and light. Here, we demonstrate a strong interaction between free-electron waves and light waves, resulting from precise energy–momentum phase-matching with the extended propagating light field. By exchanging hundreds of photons with the field, each electron simultaneously accelerates and decelerates in a coherent manner. Consequently, each electron’s quantum wavefunction evolves into a quantized energy comb, spanning a bandwidth of over 1,700 eV, requiring us to extend the PINEM theory. Our observation of coherent electron phase-matching with a propagating wave is a type of inverse-Cherenkov interaction that occurs with a quantum electron wavefunction, demonstrating how the extended nature of the electron wavefunction can alter stimulated electron–light interactions.



中文翻译:

光波和自由电子波函数之间的谐振相位匹配

束缚电子系统的量子光-质相互作用已得到广泛研究。相比之下,随着光子诱导的近场电子显微镜(PINEM)的发现,近年来自由电子与光的量子相互作用才变得可访问。到目前为止,由于其局部近场性质,在所有PINEM实验中基本的自由电子-光相互作用一直很弱,这在电子和光之间施加了能量-动量失配。在这里,我们展示了自由电子波与光波之间的强相互作用,这是由于精确的能量-动量相位匹配以及扩展的传播光场而引起的。通过与场交换数百个光子,每个电子以相干方式同时加速和减速。所以,每个电子的量子波函数都演化为一个量化的能量梳,其带宽超过1,700 eV,这需要我们扩展PINEM理论。我们对相干电子与传播波的相位匹配的观察是一种与量子电子波函数一起发生的逆Cherenkov相互作用,证明了电子波函数的扩展性质如何改变受激电子与光的相互作用。

更新日期:2020-10-12
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