Competition for limiting resources and stress can magnify variance in fitness and therefore selection. But even in a common environment, the strength of selection can differ across the sexes, as their fitness is often limited by different factors. Indeed, most taxa show stronger selection in males, a bias often ascribed to intense competition for access to mating partners. This sex bias could reverberate on many aspects of evolution, from speed of adaptation to genome evolution. It is unclear, however, whether stronger opportunity for selection in males is a pattern robust to sex‐specific stress or resource limitation. We test this in the model species Callosobruchus maculatus by comparing female and male opportunity for selection (i) with and without limitation of quality oviposition sites, and (ii) under delayed age at oviposition. Decreasing the abundance of the resource key to females or increasing their reproductive age was challenging, as shown by a reduction in mean fitness, but opportunity for selection remained stronger in males across all treatments, and even more so when oviposition sites were limiting. This suggests that males remain the more variable sex independent of context, and that the opportunity for selection through males is indirectly affected by female‐specific resource limitation.

中文翻译：

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女性特定的资源限制不会使选择的机会更偏向女性

限制资源和压力的竞争会放大适应度和选择的差异。但即使在一个共同的环境中，选择的强度也会因性别而异，因为它们的适应性通常受到不同因素的限制。事实上，大多数分类群在雄性中表现出更强的选择，这种偏见通常归因于对交配对象的激烈竞争。这种性别偏见可能会影响进化的许多方面，从适应速度到基因组进化。然而，尚不清楚男性选择的更多机会是否是一种对性别特定压力或资源限制稳健的模式。我们在模型物种 Callosobruchus maculatus 中测试了这一点，通过比较雌性和雄性的选择机会 (i) 有和没有质量产卵位点的限制，以及 (ii) 在产卵年龄延迟的情况下。减少对雌性至关重要的资源的丰度或增加其生育年龄具有挑战性，如平均适应度的降低所示，但在所有处理中，雄性的选择机会仍然更强，当产卵位点有限时更是如此。这表明男性仍然是独立于环境的更具可变性的性别，并且通过男性进行选择的机会受到女性特定资源限制的间接影响。