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Is it Time for Reviewer 3 to Request Human Organ Chip Experiments Instead of Animal Validation Studies?
Advanced Science ( IF 15.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-12 , DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002030
Donald E Ingber 1, 2, 3
Affiliation  

For the past century, experimental data obtained from animal studies have been required by reviewers of scientific articles and grant applications to validate the physiological relevance of in vitro results. At the same time, pharmaceutical researchers and regulatory agencies recognize that results from preclinical animal models frequently fail to predict drug responses in humans. This Progress Report reviews recent advances in human organ‐on‐a‐chip (Organ Chip) microfluidic culture technology, both with single Organ Chips and fluidically coupled human “Body‐on‐Chips” platforms, which demonstrate their ability to recapitulate human physiology and disease states, as well as human patient responses to clinically relevant drug pharmacokinetic exposures, with higher fidelity than other in vitro models or animal studies. These findings raise the question of whether continuing to require results of animal testing for publication or grant funding still makes scientific or ethical sense, and if more physiologically relevant human Organ Chip models might better serve this purpose. This issue is addressed in this article in context of the history of the field, and advantages and disadvantages of Organ Chip approaches versus animal models are discussed that should be considered by the wider research community.

中文翻译:

审稿人 3 是否应该要求进行人体器官芯片实验而不是动物验证研究?

在过去的一个世纪中,科学文章和资助申请的审稿人一直需要从动物研究中获得的实验数据来验证体外结果的生理相关性。与此同时,药物研究人员和监管机构认识到,临床前动物模型的结果常常无法预测人类的药物反应。本进展报告回顾了人体器官芯片(器官芯片)微流控培养技术的最新进展,包括单器官芯片和流体耦合人体“芯片体”平台,这些技术展示了它们重现人体生理学和功能的能力。疾病状态以及人类患者对临床相关药物药代动力学暴露的反应,比其他体外模型或动物研究具有更高的保真度。这些发现提出了一个问题:继续要求发表动物测试结果或提供资助是否仍然具有科学或伦理意义,以及更多生理相关的人体器官芯片模型是否可以更好地服务于这一目的。本文在该领域的历史背景下讨论了这个问题,并讨论了器官芯片方法与动物模型的优缺点,这些优点和缺点应该得到更广泛的研究界的考虑。
更新日期:2020-11-19
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