In certain niches, microbes encounter environmental challenges that are temporally linked. In such cases, microbial fitness is enhanced by the evolution of anticipatory responses where the initial challenge simultaneously activates pre-emptive protection against the second impending challenge. The accumulation of anticipatory responses in domesticated yeasts, which have been termed 'adaptive prediction', has led to the emergence of 'core stress responses' that provide stress cross-protection. Protective anticipatory responses also seem to be common in fungal pathogens of humans. These responses reflect the selective pressures that these fungi have faced relatively recently in their evolutionary history. Consequently, some pathogens have evolved 'core environmental responses' which exploit host signals to trigger immune evasion strategies that protect them against imminent immune attack.

在某些生态位中，微生物会遇到与时间相关的环境挑战。在这种情况下，微生物适应性通过预期反应的演变得到增强，其中初始挑战同时激活针对第二个即将到来的挑战的先发制人的保护。被称为“适应性预测”的驯化酵母中预期反应的积累导致了提供应激交叉保护的“核心应激反应”的出现。保护性预期反应似乎在人类真菌病原体中也很常见。这些反应反映了这些真菌在其进化史上相对较新的选择压力。因此，一些病原体已经进化出“核心环境反应”