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An overview of currently available molecular Cas-tools for precise genome modification
Gene ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-12 , DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145225
Ekaterina Kondrateva , Anna Demchenko , Alexander Lavrov , Svetlana Smirnikhina

CRISPR-Cas system was first mentioned in 1987, and over the years have been studied so active that now it becomes the state-of-theart tool for genome editing. Its working principle is based on Cas nuclease ability to bind short RNA, which targets it to complementary DNA or RNA sequence for highly precise cleavage. This alone or together with donor DNA allows to modify targeted sequence in different ways. Considering the many limitations of using native CRISPR-Cas systems, scientists around the world are working on creating modified variants to improve their specificity and efficiency in different objects. In addition, the use of the Cas effectors' targeting function in complex systems with other proteins is a promising work direction, as a result of which new tools are created with features such as single base editing, editing DNA without break and donor DNA, activation and repression of transcription, epigenetic regulation, modifying of different repair pathways involvement etc. In this review, we decided to consider in detail exactly this issue of variants of Cas effectors, their modifications and fusion molecules, which improve DNA-targeting and expand the scope of Cas effectors.



中文翻译:

当前可用于精确基因组修饰的分子Cas工具的概述

CRISPR-Cas系统于1987年首次被提及,多年来研究非常活跃,如今已成为用于基因组编辑的最先进工具。它的工作原理是基于Cas核酸酶结合短RNA的能力,将短RNA靶向互补的DNA或RNA序列以进行高精度切割。单独或与供体DNA一起使用时,可以以不同方式修饰目标序列。考虑到使用原生CRISPR-Cas系统的诸多局限性,世界各地的科学家们正在致力于开发改良的变体,以提高其在不同对象中的特异性和效率。此外,在具有其他蛋白质的复杂系统中使用Cas效应子的靶向功能是一个很有前途的工作方向,因此,创建了具有单碱基编辑,

更新日期:2020-10-13
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