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Returns to Vietnamese smallholder farmers from managing acacia plantations for sawn wood over 4-10 year rotations
Forest Policy and Economics ( IF 4 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.forpol.2020.102318
David Blackburn , Vu Dinh Huong , Daniel Mendham

Abstract Since 1990, forest area in Vietnam has increased by around 15%, and now comprises more than 42%. The increase is mainly due to the establishment of short rotation Acacia plantations, which assist in the rehabilitation of under-utilised lands, and can be grown in short rotations by smallholder farmers for a range of uses. Presently, a high demand for woodchips encourages farmers to maintain short rotations for pulplogs and provides them with a relatively quick return from their forestry land. The Vietnamese Government has recognised an opportunity to increase sawlog production for a rapidly expanding furniture industry. The main objective of this study was to understand if small-scale Acacia plantations, managed for both pulp- and sawlog production, could provide an attractive return to smallholder farmers. Forecast earnings from the models indicated that opportunities exist for smallholders to improve their financial returns. With minimal additional inputs, plantations with a thinning intervention treatment at 3-years would be more profitable than unthinned ones, irrespective of whether the plantations were harvested in year 4 through to year 8. In 4 to 8-year rotations, the 6-year thinned operation was modelled as being the most profitable. When plantation models were extended to 10-years, the returns were even higher because of the greater volume of larger diameter higher value sawlogs. Sensitivity modelling found shorter rotation returns were highly sensitive to factors influencing income, whereas 10-year rotations were shown to be more resilient, although the growers would need to manage their risk profile, as well as acquire the knowledge and management skills required to effectively manage longer rotations. Outcomes from the study suggest that growing for sawlogs is a better option for farmers, in terms of the internal rate of return. A transition from short to longer rotations will require support for farmers, in terms of: (1) risk management, (2) training in longer rotation management, and (3) greater social acceptance of longer rotations.

中文翻译:

通过 4-10 年轮换管理锯材金合欢种植园,回报越南小农

摘要 自 1990 年以来,越南的森林面积增加了 15% 左右,目前已超过 42%。增加的主要原因是建立了短期轮作金合欢种植园,这有助于恢复未充分利用的土地,小农可以进行短期轮作,用于多种用途。目前,对木片的高需求鼓励农民保持纸浆原木的短轮换,并为他们提供相对较快的林地回报。越南政府已经认识到为快速发展的家具行业增加锯木产量的机会。本研究的主要目的是了解为纸浆和锯木生产进行管理的小型金合欢种植园是否可以为小农提供有吸引力的回报。模型的预测收益表明小农有机会提高其财务回报。在额外投入最少的情况下,无论种植园是否在第 4 年到第 8 年收获,在 3 年时进行间伐干预处理的种植园都比未进行间伐的种植园更有利可图。 在 4 到 8 年轮作中,6 年期精简操作被建模为最有利可图的操作。当种植园模型延长至 10 年时,回报甚至更高,因为更大直径、更高价值的锯木产量更大。敏感性模型发现,较短的轮换回报对影响收入的因素高度敏感,而 10 年的轮换显示更具弹性,尽管种植者需要管理他们的风险状况,以及获得有效管理较长轮换所需的知识和管理技能。研究结果表明,就内部回报率而言,种植锯木对农民来说是更好的选择。从短轮换到长轮换将需要在以下方面为农民提供支持:(1) 风险管理,(2) 更长轮换管理培训,以及 (3) 更长轮换的社会接受度。
更新日期:2020-12-01
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