Abstract Target-oriented synthesis of multifunctional carbon dots with high synthetic yield is still a challenge. Herein, the acrylamide (AM) and acrylic acid (AA) which containing unsaturated carbon–carbon double bonds (C C) and different functional groups were chosen as switches for the directional synthesis of carrot derived carbon dots with water-solubility (WCDs) and ethanol-solubility (ECDs). The synthetic yield of WCDs and ECDs could reach up to 31.19% and 51.94% by the directional hydrothermal carbonization reaction adjusted by the free radical polymerization. Specifically, the WCDs inherited negative charge, amino group and high N element from the AM, while AA endowed the ECDs with electronic neutrality, ester group and low N content. Furthermore, the WCDs as probes for assessment of uptake and metabolism of zebrafish, integrated of flocculation and detection of the WCDs on heavy metal ions, and the ethanol detection performance of the ECDs in medical alcohol disinfectant were detailly investigated. Therefore, the high synthetic yield CDs prepared by target-oriented synthesis have application potential in bioimaging, flocculation and detection of heavy metal ions, and ethanol detection.

中文翻译：

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用于斑马鱼生物成像、重金属离子絮凝和乙醇检测的具有定制表面官能团的高合成产率碳点的靶向合成

摘要 具有高合成收率的多功能碳点的靶向合成仍然是一个挑战。在此，选择含有不饱和碳碳双键（CC）和不同官能团的丙烯酰胺（AM）和丙烯酸（AA）作为定向合成水溶性胡萝卜衍生碳点（WCDs）和乙醇的开关-溶解度（ECD）。通过自由基聚合调节的定向水热碳化反应，WCDs和ECDs的合成收率分别达到31.19%和51.94%。具体而言，WCDs 继承了 AM 的负电荷、氨基和高 N 元素，而 AA 赋予 ECDs 电子中性、酯基和低 N 含量。此外，WCDs 作为评估斑马鱼摄取和代谢的探针，详细研究了WCDs对重金属离子的絮凝和检测，以及ECDs在医用酒精消毒剂中的乙醇检测性能。因此，靶向合成制备的高合成CDs在生物成像、重金属离子絮凝检测、乙醇检测等方面具有应用潜力。