Energy balances are a general fundamental approach for analyzing the heat requirements for metallurgical processes. The formulation of heat balance equations was involved by computing the various components of heat going in and coming out of the oxygen steelmaking furnace. The developed model was validated against the calculations of Healy and McBride. The overall heat losses that have not been analyzed in previous studies were quantified by back-calculating heat loss from 35 industrial data provided by Tata Steel. The results from the model infer that the heat losses range from 1.3% to 5.9% of the total heat input and it can be controlled by optimizing the silicon in hot metal, the amount of scrap added and the post-combustion ratio. The model prediction shows that sensible heat available from the hot metal accounts for around 66% of total heat input and the rest from the exothermic oxidation reactions. Out of 34% of the heat from exothermic reactions, between 20% and 25% of heat is evolved from the oxidation of carbon to carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. This model can be applied to predict the heat balance of any top blown oxygen steelmaking technology but needs further validation for a range of oxygen steelmaking operations and conditions.

能量平衡是分析冶金过程中热量需求的基本方法。通过计算氧气炼钢炉内进出的各种热量来参与热平衡方程的制定。根据Healy和McBride的计算对开发的模型进行了验证。通过从塔塔钢铁公司提供的35个工业数据中反算热损失，可以量化先前研究中未分析的总热损失。该模型的结果表明，热量损失占总热量输入的1.3％至5.9％，可以通过优化铁水中的硅，添加的废料量和后燃比来控制热量损失。模型预测表明，铁水可提供的显热占总热量输入的66％，其余部分来自放热氧化反应。在放热反应产生的34％的热量中，有20％至25％的热量是由碳氧化为一氧化碳和二氧化碳而产生的。该模型可用于预测任何顶吹式氧气炼钢技术的热平衡，但需要对一系列氧气炼钢操作和条件进行进一步验证。