Maintaining an adequate balance between security and other performance metrics like memory requirement, throughput and energy requirement in a resource-constrained environment is a major challenge. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), in its latest lightweight cryptography report, suggested the suitability of symmetric ciphers in constrained devices. In this paper we have performed statistical security analyses of six state-of-the-art stream ciphers, namely Lizard, Fruit, Plantlet, Sprout, Grain v1 and Espresso, with the help of randomness test, structural test, autocorrelation test and avalanche test. We have also carried out the performance analysis of these ciphers in detail after porting the optimized code of the ciphers to a low-cost microcontroller, namely ATmega 328P. The selection of the device is based on its acceptability in the Internet of Things (IoT)-based network. The statistical security, performance metrics and comparative analysis suggest the suitability of the selected ciphers for providing security in constrained environments.

在资源受限的环境中，要在安全性和其他性能指标（如内存需求，吞吐量和能源需求）之间保持适当的平衡是一项重大挑战。美国国家标准技术研究院（NIST）在其最新的轻量级加密报告中提出了对称密码在受限设备中的适用性。在本文中，我们借助随机性检验，结构检验，自相关检验和雪崩检验，对蜥蜴，水果，小植株，新芽，谷物v1和浓咖啡等六种最新流密码进行了统计安全性分析。 。在将密码的优化代码移植到低成本微控制器ATmega 328P之后，我们还对这些密码进行了详细的性能分析。设备的选择基于其在基于物联网（IoT）的网络中的可接受性。统计安全性，性能指标和比较分析表明，所选密码适用于在受限环境中提供安全性。