We evaluated the performance of GNSS absolute antenna calibrations and its impact on accurate positioning with a new assessment method that combines inter-antenna differentials and laser tracker measurements. We thus separated the calibration method contributions from those attainable by various geometric constraints and produced corrections for the calibrations. We investigated antennas calibrated by two IGS-approved institutions and in the worst case found the calibration’s contribution to the vertical component being in excess of 1 cm on the ionosphere-free frequency combination L3. In relation to nearby objects, we gauge the $$1\sigma $$ 1 σ accuracies of our method to determine the antenna phase centers within $$\pm \,0.38$$ ± 0.38 mm on L1 and within $$\pm \,0.62$$ ± 0.62 mm on L3, the latter applicable to global frame determinations where atmospheric influence cannot be neglected. In addition to antenna calibration corrections, the results can be used with an equivalent tracker combination to determine the phase centers of as-installed individual receiver antennas at system critical sites to the same level without compromising the permanent installations.

中文翻译：

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量化 GNSS 天线校准中的误差

我们使用结合了天线间差分和激光跟踪器测量的新评估方法评估了 GNSS 绝对天线校准的性能及其对准确定位的影响。因此，我们将校准方法的贡献与可通过各种几何约束获得的贡献分开，并对校准进行了修正。我们调查了由两个 IGS 批准的机构校准的天线，在最坏的情况下发现校准对无电离层频率组合 L3 的垂直分量的贡献超过 1 厘米。对于附近的物体，我们测量了我们的方法的 $$1\sigma $$1 σ 精度，以确定 L1 上 $$\pm \,0.38$$ ± 0.38 mm 内和 $$\pm \ 内的天线相位中心， L3 上 0.62$$ ± 0.62 毫米，后者适用于大气影响不可忽视的全球框架确定。除了天线校准校正之外，结果还可以与等效的跟踪器组合一起使用，以确定在系统关键站点安装的各个接收器天线的相位中心达到相同水平，而不会影响永久安装。