Translating ribosomes slow down or completely stall when they encounter obstacles on mRNAs. Such events can lead to ribosomes colliding with each other and forming complexes of two (disome), three (trisome) or more ribosomes. While these events can activate surveillance pathways, it has been unclear if collisions are common on endogenous mRNAs and whether they are usually detected by these cellular pathways. Recent genome-wide surveys of collisions revealed widespread distribution of disomes and trisomes across endogenous mRNAs in eukaryotic cells. Several studies further hinted that the recognition of collisions and response to them by multiple surveillance pathways depend on the context and duration of the ribosome stalling. This review considers recent efforts in the identification of endogenous ribosome collisions and cellular pathways dedicated to sense their severity. We further discuss the potential role of collided ribosomes in modulating co-translational events and contributing to cellular homeostasis.

翻译核糖体在遇到 mRNA 障碍时会减慢或完全停止。此类事件可导致核糖体相互碰撞并形成两个（二体）、三个（三体）或更多核糖体的复合物。虽然这些事件可以激活监视途径，但尚不清楚碰撞是否在内源性 mRNA 上很常见，以及它们是否通常被这些细胞途径检测到。最近对碰撞的全基因组调查揭示了真核细胞内源性 mRNA 中二体和三体的广泛分布。几项研究进一步暗示，多种监测途径对碰撞的识别和对碰撞的反应取决于核糖体停滞的背景和持续时间。这篇综述考虑了最近在识别内源性核糖体碰撞和专用于感知其严重性的细胞途径方面的努力。我们进一步讨论了碰撞核糖体在调节共翻译事件和促进细胞稳态中的潜在作用。