The sudden development of the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the limitations in modern healthcare systems to handle public health emergencies. It is evident that adopting innovative technologies such as blockchain can help in effective planning operations and resource deployments. Blockchain technology can play an important role in the healthcare sector, such as improved clinical trial data management by reducing delays in regulatory approvals, and streamline the communication between diverse stakeholders of the supply chain, etc. Moreover, the spread of misinformation has intensely increased during the outbreak, and existing platforms lack the ability to validate the authenticity of data, leading to public panic and irrational behavior. Thus, developing a blockchain-based tracking system is important to ensure that the information received by the public and government agencies is reliable and trustworthy. In this paper, we review various blockchain applications and opportunities in combating the COVID-19 pandemic and develop a tracking system for the COVID-19 data collected from various external sources. We propose, implement, and evaluate a blockchain-based system using Ethereum smart contracts and oracles to track reported data related to the number of new cases, deaths, and recovered cases obtained from trusted sources. We present detailed algorithms that capture the interactions between stakeholders in the network. We present security analysis and the cost incurred by the stakeholders, and we highlight the challenges and future directions of our work. Our work demonstrates that the proposed solution is economically feasible and ensures data integrity, security, transparency, data traceability among stakeholders.

COVID-19 大流行的突然发展暴露了现代医疗保健系统在处理突发公共卫生事件方面的局限性。显然，采用区块链等创新技术有助于有效规划运营和资源部署。区块链技术可以在医疗保健领域发挥重要作用，例如通过减少监管审批延迟来改善临床试验数据管理，以及简化供应链不同利益相关者之间的沟通等。此外，错误信息的传播在此期间急剧增加。疫情爆发，现有平台缺乏验证数据真实性的能力，导致公众恐慌和非理性行为。因此，开发基于区块链的跟踪系统对于确保公众和政府机构收到的信息可靠和值得信赖非常重要。在本文中，我们回顾了抗击 COVID-19 大流行的各种区块链应用和机会，并为从各种外部来源收集的 COVID-19 数据开发了一个跟踪系统。我们提出、实施和评估一个基于区块链的系统，使用以太坊智能合约和预言机来跟踪与从可信来源获得的新病例数、死亡数和康复病例数相关的报告数据。我们提出了详细的算法来捕获网络中利益相关者之间的交互。我们介绍了安全分析和利益相关者产生的成本，并强调了我们工作的挑战和未来方向。