This study set out to investigate the effect of anisotropy on the [Formula: see text]CDM model in the framework of Brans−Dicke theory. To this end, astrophysical constraints on this model using current available data including type Ia supernovae (SNIa), the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO), and the Hubble parameter [Formula: see text] data were deployed. Here, we present combined results from these probes, deriving constraints on [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]CDM model and its anisotropy energy density in an anisotropic universe. It is found that [Formula: see text] can be constrained by the [Formula: see text] data, with the best fitting value [Formula: see text] for the Brans–Dicke cosmology. We extend our study to the case of [Formula: see text]CDM model in an anisotropic universe and Brans–Dicke framework and find out that the equation of state parameter ([Formula: see text]) cannot cross the phantom line and eventually the universe approaches a quintessence era.

中文翻译：

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Brans-Dicke理论框架下各向异性对暗能量模型的加速宇宙

本研究着手在 Brans-Dicke 理论的框架内研究各向异性对 [公式：见正文]CDM 模型的影响。为此，使用当前可用数据（包括 Ia 型超新星 (SNIa)、重子声学振荡 (BAO) 和哈勃参数 [公式：见文本] 数据）对该模型进行天体物理约束。在这里，我们展示了这些探测的综合结果，推导了[公式：见文本]CDM模型的[公式：见文本]的约束条件及其在各向异性宇宙中的各向异性能量密度。发现[公式：见文]可以被[公式：见文]数据约束，布兰斯-迪克宇宙学的拟合值[公式：见文]最佳。我们将研究扩展到 [公式：