Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by reversible bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation. According to Statistics Canada in 2014, 8.1% of Canadians aged 12 and older reported having asthma diagnosed by a health care professional. Therefore, in 2014 there were an estimated 274,661 persons with asthma in Alberta. Most epidemiological studies estimate prevalence and incidence using survey-based data, which has limitations. The Ontario Asthma Surveillance Information System (OASIS) group has developed and validated an algorithm for epidemiologic asthma studies using provincial health databases. In Alberta, there are some studies using provincial databases, but most are restricted to emergency department visits and do not represent the entire asthma population. Using the validated asthma definition for epidemiologic studies, we performed an analysis of the Alberta Health administrative databases to investigate and report province-wide asthma prevalence, incidence and mortality in Alberta from 1995 to 2015. Data from administrative databases, provided by Alberta Health, was analyzed to determine age and sex specific prevalence, incidence and mortality of the asthma population. The population cohort was all individuals residing in the province of Alberta, ages 0 to 99 from 1995–2015. Kendall’s Tau coefficient test was used to ascertain whether the observed trends were statistically significant. Between 1995 and 2015, the age-standardized incidence of asthma decreased by more than 50% in both males and females. Prevalence, however, increased threefold over the 20 years (for both genders) from 3.9 to 12.3% (Tau = 1.00, p < 0.0001) in females and from 3.5 to 11.6% (Tau = 1.00, p < 0.0001) in males. Thus, in 2015 there were 496,927 people with asthma in Alberta. All-cause mortality in the asthma population decreased over time, in both females (Tau = − 0.71, p < 0.0001) and males (Tau = − 0.69, p = 0.0001). For the last several years, all-cause mortality was higher in those with asthma. There were ~ 7 deaths/1000 in the population with asthma versus ~ 5 deaths/1000 in those without asthma. The incidence of asthma decreased in both females and males while prevalence continued to increase, although at a slower rate than previously. All-cause mortality in asthma patients was higher than in those without asthma, but both decreased over time.

中文翻译：

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1995 年至 2015 年艾伯塔省哮喘发病率和患病率的发展

哮喘是一种以可逆性支气管收缩和气道炎症为特征的慢性呼吸道疾病。根据 2014 年加拿大统计局的数据，8.1% 的 12 岁及以上的加拿大人报告说有医疗保健专业人员诊断出患有哮喘。因此，2014 年阿尔伯塔省估计有 274,661 名哮喘患者。大多数流行病学研究使用基于调查的数据估计患病率和发病率，但存在局限性。安大略省哮喘监测信息系统 (OASIS) 小组使用省级健康数据库开发并验证了一种用于流行病学哮喘研究的算法。在艾伯塔省，有一些研究使用了省级数据库，但大多数仅限于急诊科就诊，并不代表整个哮喘人群。使用经过验证的哮喘定义进行流行病学研究，我们对艾伯塔省卫生行政数据库进行了分析，以调查和报告 1995 年至 2015 年艾伯塔省的全省哮喘患病率、发病率和死亡率。对艾伯塔卫生局提供的行政数据库中的数据进行分析，以确定年龄和性别的特定患病率，哮喘人群的发病率和死亡率。人口队列是居住在阿尔伯塔省的所有个人，年龄在 0 至 99 岁之间，从 1995 年到 2015 年。Kendall 的 Tau 系数检验用于确定观察到的趋势是否具有统计学意义。1995 年至 2015 年间，男性和女性的年龄标准化哮喘发病率均下降了 50% 以上。然而，在 20 年间，女性的患病率（男女）从 3.9% 增加到 12.3%（Tau = 1.00，p < 0.0001），从 3.5% 增加到 11%。男性为 6%（Tau = 1.00，p < 0.0001）。因此，2015 年阿尔伯塔省有 496,927 名哮喘患者。女性（Tau = - 0.71，p < 0.0001）和男性（Tau = - 0.69，p = 0.0001）的哮喘人群全因死亡率随时间下降。在过去的几年里，哮喘患者的全因死亡率更高。哮喘人群中有约 7 人死亡/1000 人，而无哮喘人群中有约 5 人死亡/1000 人。女性和男性的哮喘发病率均有所下降，而患病率则继续增加，尽管速度比以前慢。哮喘患者的全因死亡率高于无哮喘患者，但两者均随时间下降。女性（Tau = - 0.71，p < 0.0001）和男性（Tau = - 0.69，p = 0.0001）。在过去的几年里，哮喘患者的全因死亡率更高。哮喘人群中有约 7 人死亡/1000 人，而无哮喘人群中有约 5 人死亡/1000 人。女性和男性的哮喘发病率均有所下降，而患病率则继续增加，尽管速度比以前慢。哮喘患者的全因死亡率高于无哮喘患者，但两者均随时间下降。女性（Tau = - 0.71，p < 0.0001）和男性（Tau = - 0.69，p = 0.0001）。在过去的几年里，哮喘患者的全因死亡率更高。哮喘人群中有约 7 人死亡/1000 人，而无哮喘人群中有约 5 人死亡/1000 人。女性和男性的哮喘发病率均有所下降，而患病率则继续增加，尽管速度比以前慢。哮喘患者的全因死亡率高于无哮喘患者，但两者均随时间下降。女性和男性的哮喘发病率均有所下降，而患病率则继续增加，尽管速度比以前慢。哮喘患者的全因死亡率高于无哮喘患者，但两者均随时间下降。女性和男性的哮喘发病率均有所下降，而患病率则继续增加，尽管速度比以前慢。哮喘患者的全因死亡率高于无哮喘患者，但两者均随时间下降。