Stimuli-responsive amphiphilic block copolymers have emerged as promising nanocarriers for enhancing site-specific and on-demand drug release in response to a range of stimuli such as pH, the presence of redox agents, and temperature. The formulation of amphiphilic block copolymers into polymeric drug-loaded nanoparticles is typically achieved by various methods (e.g. oil-in-water emulsion solvent evaporation, solid dispersion, microphase separation, dialysis or microfluidic separation). Despite much progress that has been made, there remain many challenges to overcome to produce reliable polymeric systems. The main drawbacks of the above methods are that they produce very low solid contents (<1 wt%) and involve multiple-step procedures, thus limiting their scope. Recently, a new self-assembly methodology, polymerisation-induced self-assembly (PISA), has shown great promise in the production of polymer-derived particles using a straightforward one-pot approach, whilst facilitating high yield, scalability, and cost-effectiveness for pharmaceutical industry protocols. We therefore focus this review primarily on the most recent studies involved in the design and preparation of PISA-generated nano-objects which are responsive to specific stimuli, thus providing insight into how PISA may become an effective formulation strategy for the preparation of precisely tailored drug delivery systems and biomaterials, while some of the current challenges and limitations are also critically discussed.

中文翻译：

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聚合诱导的自组装（PISA）作为刺激反应性药物递送系统和生物材料的直接配方策略：最新进展

响应刺激性的两亲嵌段共聚物已成为有前途的纳米载体，可用于响应一系列刺激（例如pH值，氧化还原剂和温度）来增强位点特异性和按需药物释放。将两亲嵌段共聚物配制成负载聚合物的纳米颗粒通常可通过各种方法（例如水包油乳液溶剂蒸发，固体分散，微相分离，透析或微流体分离）。尽管已经取得了很大的进步，但是生产可靠的聚合物体系仍然有许多挑战需要克服。上述方法的主要缺点是它们产生非常低的固体含量（＜1重量％），并且涉及多步程序，因此限制了它们的范围。最近，一种新的自组装方法，即聚合诱导自组装（PISA），在使用简单的一锅法生产聚合物衍生的颗粒中显示出了巨大的希望，同时促进了高产率，可扩展性和成本效益用于制药行业协议。