Abstract

Background:

Previous research has identified an association between fine particulate matter (${\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}$) air pollution and lung cancer. Most of the evidence for this association, however, is based on research using lung cancer mortality, not incidence. Research that examines potential associations between ${\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}$ and incidence of non-lung cancers is limited.

Objectives:

The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between the incidence of cancer and exposure to ${\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}$ using $>8.5\text{\hspace{0.17em}million}$ cases of cancer incidences from U.S. registries. Secondary objectives include evaluating the sensitivity of the associations to model selection, spatial control, and latency period as well as estimating the exposure–response relationship for several cancer types.

Methods:

Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program data were used to calculate incidence rates for various cancer types in 607 U.S. counties. County-level ${\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}$ concentrations were estimated using integrated empirical geographic regression models. Flexible semi-nonparametric regression models were used to estimate associations between ${\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}$ and cancer incidence for selected cancers while controlling for important county-level covariates. Primary time-independent models using average incidence rates from 1992–2016 and average ${\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}$ from 1988–2015 were estimated. In addition, time-varying models using annual incidence rates from 2002–2011 and lagged moving averages of annual estimates for ${\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}$ were also estimated.

Results:

The incidences of all cancer and lung cancer were consistently associated with ${\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}$. The incident rate ratios (IRRs), per $10\text{-}{\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{m}}^3$ increase in ${\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}$, for all and lung cancer were 1.09 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.14) and 1.19 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.30), respectively. Less robust associations were observed with oral, rectal, liver, skin, breast, and kidney cancers.

Discussion:

Exposure to ${\mathrm{PM}}_{2.5}$ air pollution contributes to lung cancer incidence and is potentially associated with non-lung cancer incidence. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7246

中文翻译：

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细颗粒物暴露与癌症发病率：1992-2016 年 SEER 癌症登记数据分析

摘要

背景：

先前的研究已经确定细颗粒物之间存在关联（${\mathrm{下午}}_{2.5}$）空气污染和肺癌。然而，这种关联的大多数证据都是基于对肺癌死亡率而非发病率的研究。研究检验之间潜在关联的研究${\mathrm{下午}}_{2.5}$非肺癌的发病率有限。

目标：

本研究的主要目的是评估癌症发病率与接触环境之间的关系${\mathrm{下午}}_{2.5}$使用$>8.5\text{\hspace{0.17em}百万}$来自美国登记处的癌症发病率病例。次要目标包括评估关联对模型选择、空间控制和潜伏期的敏感性，以及估计几种癌症类型的暴露-反应关系。

方法：

监测、流行病学和最终结果 (SEER) 计划数据用于计算美国 607 个县各种癌症类型的发病率。县级${\mathrm{下午}}_{2.5}$使用综合经验地理回归模型估算浓度。灵活的半非参数回归模型用于估计之间的关联${\mathrm{下午}}_{2.5}$和选定癌症的癌症发病率，同时控制重要的县级协变量。主要与时间无关的模型使用 1992-2016 年的平均发病率和平均值${\mathrm{下午}}_{2.5}$1988年至2015年的估计。此外，时变模型使用 2002 年至 2011 年的年发病率和年度估计值的滞后移动平均值${\mathrm{下午}}_{2.5}$也被估计了。

结果：

所有癌症和肺癌的发病率均与以下因素相关：${\mathrm{下午}}_{2.5}$。事故发生率 (IRR)，每$10\text{-}{\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{G}/\mathrm{米}}^3$增加${\mathrm{下午}}_{2.5}$，对于所有癌症和肺癌分别为 1.09 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.14) 和 1.19 (95% CI: 1.09, 1.30)。与口腔癌、直肠癌、肝癌、皮肤癌、乳腺癌和肾癌的关联性较差。

讨论：

接触${\mathrm{下午}}_{2.5}$空气污染会导致肺癌发病率，并可能与非肺癌发病率相关。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7246