Steel slag is one of the most common waste products from the steelmaking industry. Conventional methods of slag disposal can cause negative impacts on humans and the environment. In this paper, the process of steel and steel slag production, physical and chemical properties, and potential options of slag recycling were reviewed. Since steel is mainly produced through an electric arc furnace (EAF) in Malaysia, most of the recycling options reviewed in this paper focused on EAF slag and the strengths and weaknesses of each recycle option were outlined. Based on the reports from previous studies, it was found that only a portion of EAF slag is recycled into more straightforward, but lower added value applications such as aggregates for the construction industry and filter/absorber for wastewater treatments. On the other hand, higher added value recycling options for EAF slag that are more complicated such as incorporated as raw material for Portland cement and ceramic building materials remain at the laboratory testing stage. The main hurdle preventing EAF slag from being incorporated as a raw material for higher added value industrial applications is its inconsistent chemical composition. The chemical composition of EAF slag can vary based on the scrap metal used for steel production. For this, mineral separation techniques can be introduced to classify the EAF slag base on its physical and chemical compositions. We concluded that future research on recycling EAF slag should focus on separation techniques that diversify the recycling options for EAF slag, thereby increasing the waste product’s recycling rate.

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评估电弧炉（EAF）钢渣废料的回收方案转化为增值绿色产品：回顾

钢渣是炼钢行业最常见的废物之一。传统的炉渣处理方法可能对人类和环境造成负面影响。本文综述了钢渣的生产过程，理化特性以及钢渣回收的潜在选择。由于钢主要是通过马来西亚的电弧炉（EAF）生产的，因此本文中讨论的大多数回收方案都集中在电弧炉炉渣上，并概述了每种回收方案的优缺点。根据以前的研究报告，发现只有一部分电弧炉炉渣被循环利用到更简单，但附加值较低的应用中，例如建筑业的骨料和废水处理的过滤器/吸收器。另一方面，电弧炉渣的更高附加值的循环利用选项更加复杂，例如作为硅酸盐水泥和陶瓷建材的原料并入实验室测试阶段。阻止电弧炉炉渣作为高附加值工业应用原料的主要障碍是其化学成分不一致。EAF炉渣的化学成分会根据用于钢铁生产的废金属而变化。为此，可以引入矿物分离技术以根据电弧炉炉渣的物理和化学成分对其进行分类。我们得出的结论是，未来对电弧炉渣回收的研究应侧重于分离技术，该技术可使电弧炉渣的回收方案多样化，从而提高废品的回收率。