To examine to what extent spatial inequalities in childhood obesity are attributable to spatial inequalities in socioeconomic characteristics across a country, we aimed to investigate the spatial associations of socioeconomic characteristics and childhood obesity. We first explored spatial patterns of childhood obesity prevalence, and subsequently investigated the spatial associations of socioeconomic factors and childhood obesity prevalence across England by selecting and estimating appropriate spatial regression models. As the data used are geospatial data, we used two newly developed specifications of spatial regression models to investigate the spatial association of socioeconomic factors and childhood obesity prevalence. As a result, among the two newly developed specifications of spatial regression models, the fast random effects specification of eigenvector spatial filtering (FRES-ESF) model appears to outperform the matrix exponential spatial specification of spatial autoregressive (MESS-SAR) model. Empirical results indicate that positive spatial dependence is found to exist in childhood obesity prevalence across England; and that socioeconomic factors are significantly associated with childhood obesity prevalence across England. In England, children living in areas with lower socioeconomic status are at higher risk of obesity. This study suggests effectively reducing spatial inequalities in socioeconomic status will plays a vital role in mitigating spatial inequalities in childhood obesity prevalence.

中文翻译：

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与英格兰各地的社会经济因素相关的儿童肥胖发生率的空间格局

为了研究全国范围内儿童肥胖的空间不平等在何种程度上可归因于社会经济特征的空间不平等，我们旨在调查社会经济特征与儿童肥胖的空间联系。我们首先探讨了儿童肥胖发生率的空间格局，然后通过选择和估算适当的空间回归模型，研究了整个英格兰社会经济因素与儿童肥胖发生率的空间联系。由于使用的数据是地理空间数据，因此我们使用了两种新近开发的空间回归模型规范来研究社会经济因素与儿童肥胖率的空间关联。结果，在两个新开发的空间回归模型规范中，特征向量空间滤波（FRES-ESF）模型的快速随机效应规范似乎优于空间自回归（MESS-SAR）模型的矩阵指数空间规范。实证结果表明，整个英格兰的儿童肥胖患病率存在​​正空间依赖性。并且社会经济因素与整个英格兰的儿童肥胖率显着相关。在英格兰，生活在社会经济地位较低的地区的儿童患肥胖症的风险较高。这项研究表明，有效减少社会经济地位方面的空间不平等将在减轻儿童肥胖症患病率方面的空间不平等起着至关重要的作用。