Tauopathies are neurodegenerative disorders which include Alzheimer’s disease, Pick’s disease, corticobasal degeneration, and progressive supranuclear palsy among others. Pathologically, they are characterized by the accumulation of highly phosphorylated and aggregated tau protein in different brain regions. Currently, the mechanisms responsible for their pathogenesis are not known, and for this reason, there is no cure. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are abundantly present in the central nervous system where they act as master regulators of pathways considered important for tau post-translational modifications, metabolism, and clearance. Although in recent years, several miRNAs have been reported to be altered in tauopathy, we still do not know whether these changes contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, or are secondary events following the development of tau neuropathology. Additionally, since miRNAs are relatively stable in biological fluids and their measurement is easy and non-invasive, these small molecules hold the potential to function as biomarkers for tauopathy. Herein, we showcase recent findings on the biological link between miRNAs and the pathogenesis of tauopathy, and present emerging evidence supporting their role as biomarkers and targets for novel therapies against them.

中文翻译：

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microRNA在牛磺酸病发病机制中的功能作用

刀伤是神经退行性疾病，其中包括阿尔茨海默氏病，皮克氏病，皮质基底变性和进行性核上性麻痹。在病理学上，它们的特征是高度磷酸化和聚集的tau蛋白在不同的大脑区域中积累。目前，尚不清楚引起其发病机理的机制，因此，目前尚无治愈方法。MicroRNA（miRNA）大量存在于中枢神经系统中，在其中它们被认为是对tau翻译后修饰，代谢和清除至关重要的途径的主要调控因子。尽管近年来，据报道有几种miRNA在tauopathy中发生了变化，但我们仍然不知道这些变化是否有助于该疾病的发作和发展，还是tau神经病理学发展后的继发性事件。此外，由于miRNA在生物体液中相对稳定，并且测量简便且无创，这些小分子具有充当tauopathy的生物标记物的潜力。在本文中，我们展示了有关miRNA与tauopathy发病机理之间生物学联系的最新发现，并提供了新兴证据支持其作为生物标志物和针对其的新疗法的靶标。