As a carrier of many biologically active compounds, blood is exposed to oxidants to a greater extent than the intracellular environment. Serum albumin plays a key role in antioxidant defence under both normal and oxidative stress conditions. This review evaluates data published in the literature and from our own research on the mechanisms of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities of albumin that determine its participation in redox modulation of plasma and intercellular fluid. For the first time, the results of numerous clinical, biochemical, spectroscopic and computational experiments devoted to the study of allosteric modulation of the functional properties of the protein associated with its participation in antioxidant defence are analysed. It has been concluded that it is fundamentally possible to regulate the antioxidant properties of albumin with various ligands, and the binding and/or enzymatic features of the protein by changing its redox status. The perspectives for using the antioxidant properties of albumin in practice are discussed.

中文翻译：

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通用士兵：血清白蛋白的酶促和非酶促抗氧化功能

作为许多生物活性化合物的载体，血液比细胞内环境暴露于氧化剂的程度更大。在正常和氧化应激条件下，血清白蛋白在抗氧化防御中都起着关键作用。这篇综述评估了文献中发表的数据以及我们对白蛋白的酶促和非酶促活性机制的研究，这些机制决定了其参与血浆和细胞间液的氧化还原调节。第一次，分析了许多临床，生化，光谱和计算实验的结果，这些实验致力于变构调节蛋白质的功能特性及其参与抗氧化防御的研究。已经得出结论，根本上可以通过改变其氧化还原状态来调节具有各种配体的白蛋白的抗氧化性能以及该蛋白的结合和/或酶促特征。讨论了在实践中使用白蛋白抗氧化特性的观点。