Campylobacter is among the most common causes of gastroenteritis worldwide. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are the most common species causing human disease. DNA sequence-based methods for strain characterization have focused largely on C. jejuni, responsible for 80 to 90% of infections, meaning that C. coli epidemiology has lagged behind. Here, we have analyzed the genome of 450 C. coli isolates to determine genetic markers that can discriminate isolates sampled from 3 major reservoir hosts (chickens, cattle, and pigs). These markers then were applied to identify the source of infection of 147 C. coli strains from French clinical cases. Using STRUCTURE software, 259 potential host-segregating markers were revealed by probabilistic characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) frequency variation in strain collections from three different hosts. These SNPs were found in 41 genes or intergenic regions, mostly coding for proteins involved in motility and membrane functions. Source attribution of clinical isolates based on the differential presence of these markers confirmed chickens as the most common source of C. coli infection in France.

中文翻译：

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全基因组鉴定宿主分离单核苷酸多态性临床弯曲杆菌分离株的来源。

弯曲杆菌是全世界胃肠炎的最常见原因。空肠弯曲杆菌和大肠杆菌弯曲杆菌是引起人类疾病的最常见物种。基于DNA序列进行菌株鉴定的方法主要集中于空肠弯曲杆菌（C. jejuni），其造成80％至90％的感染，这意味着大肠杆菌流行病学已经落后。在这里，我们分析了450株大肠杆菌的基因组，以确定可以区分从3种主要水库宿主（鸡，牛和猪）中分离的菌株的遗传标记。然后将这些标记物用于鉴定147 C. coli的感染源法国临床病例的菌株。使用STRUCTURE软件，通过对来自三个不同宿主的菌株集合中的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）频率变化的概率表征，揭示了259个潜在的宿主分离标记。这些SNPs存在于41个基因或基因间区域中，主要编码参与运动性和膜功能的蛋白质。根据这些标记物的不同存在，临床分离株的来源归因证实，鸡是法国最常见的大肠杆菌感染来源。