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Variations among Viruses in Influent Water and Effluent Water at a Wastewater Plant over One Year as Assessed by Quantitative PCR and Metagenomics
Applied and Environmental Microbiology ( IF 4.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 , DOI: 10.1128/aem.02073-20
Hao Wang 1 , Julianna Neyvaldt 2 , Lucica Enache 3 , Per Sikora 4, 5 , Ann Mattsson 3 , Anette Johansson 3 , Magnus Lindh 1, 6 , Olof Bergstedt 7, 8 , Helene Norder 1, 6
Affiliation  

Influent wastewater and effluent wastewater at the Rya treatment plant in Gothenburg, Sweden, were continuously monitored for enteric viruses by quantitative PCR (qPCR) during 1 year. Viruses in effluent wastewater were also identified by next-generation sequencing (NGS) in samples collected during spring, early summer, and winter. Samples of incoming wastewater were collected every second week. Seasonal variations in viral concentrations in incoming wastewater were found for noroviruses GII, sapovirus, rotavirus, parechovirus, and astrovirus. Norovirus GI and GIV and Aichi virus were present in various amounts during most weeks throughout the year, while hepatitis A virus, enterovirus, and adenovirus were identified less frequently. Fluctuations in viral concentrations in incoming wastewater were related to the number of diagnosed patients. The viruses were also detected in treated wastewater, however, with a 3- to 6-log10 reduction in concentration. Seven different hepatitis E virus (HEV) strains were identified in the effluents. Five of these strains belonged to genotype 3 and have been isolated in Sweden from swine, wild boars, and humans and in drinking water. The other two strains were divergent and had not been identified previously. They were similar to strains infecting rats and humans. Surveillance of enteric viruses in wastewater is a tool for early detection and follow-up of gastroenteritis outbreaks in society and for the identification of new viruses that can cause infection in humans.

中文翻译:

定量PCR和元基因组学评估的污水厂一年中进水和出水中病毒之间的变化

在1年内,通过定量PCR(qPCR)连续监测瑞典哥德堡Rya处理厂的污水和废水。还通过下一代测序(NGS)在春季,初夏和冬季期间收集的样品中鉴定了废水中的病毒。每两周收集一次进来的废水样品。对于诺如病毒GII,沙波病毒,轮状病毒,副病毒和星状病毒,发现流入废水中病毒浓度的季节性变化。在一年中的大多数星期中,诺如病毒的GI和GIV以及爱知病毒的存在量不同,而甲型肝炎病毒,肠病毒和腺病毒的检出频率则较低。入院废水中病毒浓度的波动与诊断出的患者人数有关。10浓度降低。在废水中鉴定出七种不同的戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)株。这些菌株中有五个属于基因型3,在瑞典已从猪,野猪,人类和饮用水中分离出来。其他两个菌株是发散的,以前没有被鉴定。它们类似于感染大鼠和人类的菌株。对废水中的肠病毒进行监测是一种工具,可用于早期发现和跟踪社会中胃肠炎的暴发,以及识别可引起人类感染的新病毒。
更新日期:2020-11-25
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