Novel SARS‐CoV‐2 named due to its close homology with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) is the etiologic agent for the ongoing pandemic outbreak causing loss of life and severe economic burden globally. The virus is believed to be evolved in a recombined form of bat and animal coronavirus with the capacity to infect human host using the ACE2 receptors as an entry point. Though the disease pathogenesis is not elucidated completely, the virus‐mediated host response retains a similar pattern to that of previous SARS‐CoV. Based on the available trend it is assumed that pediatric groups are less susceptible to the coronavirus. Understanding the possible mechanism that protects the children from hyper‐inflammatory or disease severity could lead to better treatment modalities. In the present review, we have discussed the significance of age and sex‐dependent pattern of ACE2 receptor expression and ACE2 variants in the immune protective mechanism of the disease virulence. We have also added a brief note on the importance of sex hormones in the pathogenesis of ACE2 mediated SARS‐CoV2 infection.

中文翻译：

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血管紧张素转换酶 2：调节 SARS-COV-2 疾病毒力的保护因子

新型 SARS-CoV-2 因其与严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 (SARS-CoV) 的同源性而得名，是造成全球范围内生命损失和严重经济负担的持续大流行爆发的病原体。该病毒被认为是蝙蝠和动物冠状病毒的重组形式，能够以 ACE2 受体作为切入点感染人类宿主。虽然疾病的发病机制尚未完全阐明，但病毒介导的宿主反应与以前的 SARS-CoV 保持了相似的模式。根据现有趋势，假设儿科群体对冠状病毒的敏感性较低。了解保护儿童免于过度炎症或疾病严重程度的可能机制可能会导致更好的治疗方式。在本次审查中，我们已经讨论了 ACE2 受体表达和 ACE2 变体的年龄和性别依赖性模式在疾病毒力的免疫保护机制中的重要性。我们还简要说明了性激素在 ACE2 介导的 SARS-CoV2 感染发病机制中的重要性。