Statement of problem

Consumption of some beverages and aging may affect the color of dental materials used in fixed prosthodontics, but their effect on recently introduced materials is not well known.

Purpose

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate staining, aging, and the exposure interval on color changes of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) resin nanoceramics (RNC), polymer-infiltrated ceramic-network (PICN) materials, and lithium silicate and lithium disilicate ceramics.

Material and methods

A total of 288 square-shaped, 1-mm-thick specimens prepared from Cerasmart, IPS e.max, Lava Ultimate, Shofu HC, Vita Enamic, and Vita Suprinity were polished by using laboratory and chairside methods in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions. Color data were recorded with a benchtop spectrophotometer, and CIEDE2000 color differences (ΔE₀₀) were calculated. After the baseline measurements (T0), the specimens were divided into 3 groups (n=8) and exposed to staining in coffee and wine and to accelerated artificial aging. The specimens were stored in staining solutions at 37 °C for 60 (T1) and 120 hours (T2). Accelerated aging was performed by using a xenon lamp weathering test chamber for a total exposure of 150 (T1) and 300 kJ/m² (T2). The results were analyzed by using the t test, ANOVA, and the Tukey honestly significant difference test (α=.05). Color differences of ΔE₀₀ ≤0.8 and ≤1.8 corresponding to the 50:50% perceptibility threshold and 50:50% acceptability threshold were used to interpret the results.

Results

As color differences (ΔE₀₀) between laboratory and chairside polishing were not statistically significant (T=-0.81, P=.418), only the results for chairside polished specimens were presented. Color differences for the T0-T1 comparisons ranged from 0.2 to 4.2, T0-T2 from 0.3 to 6.5, and T1-T2 from 0.1 to 2.3. ANOVA showed significance of factors and for interactions (P<.05). Lithium silicate–based and lithium disilicate–based ceramic materials were more color stable than RCN and PICN materials on exposure to coffee and red wine. Color changes greater than acceptability threshold after immersion in coffee were recorded for 3 (T0-T1), 4 (T0-T2), and 2 (T1-T2) materials. Corresponding findings after immersion in wine were 1, 3, and 0 and after artificial aging 0, 2, and 0. ΔE₀₀ and ΔE_ab values were highly correlated (R²=0.97).

Conclusions

No difference was found in color stability among laboratory and chairside polished specimens. Coffee caused the greatest color changes for T0-T2 interval. Staining-dependent color differences increased with increased exposure, except for IPS e.max and Vita Suprinity. For artificial aging, color change appeared to be material dependent.

中文翻译：

---

CAD-CAM 材料颜色的染色和老化相关变化

问题陈述

一些饮料的消费和老化可能会影响固定修复体中使用的牙科材料的颜色，但它们对最近引入的材料的影响尚不清楚。

目的

这项体外研究的目的是评估染色、老化和暴露间隔对计算机辅助设计和计算机辅助制造 (CAD-CAM) 树脂纳米陶瓷 (RNC)、聚合物渗透陶瓷网络 (PICN) 的颜色变化的影响。 ) 材料，以及硅酸锂和二硅酸锂陶瓷。

材料与方法

根据制造商的说明，使用实验室和椅旁方法对由 Cerasmart、IPS e.max、Lava Ultimate、Shofu HC、Vita Enamic 和 Vita Suprinity 制备的总共 288 个方形、1 mm 厚的样品进行抛光. 用台式分光光度计记录颜色数据，并计算 CIEDE2000 色差 (ΔE ₀₀ )。在基线测量 (T0) 后，将样本分为 3 组 (n=8) 并暴露于咖啡和葡萄酒中的染色以及加速的人工老化。将样品在染色溶液中在 37 °C 下储存 60 (T1) 和 120 小时 (T2)。加速老化通过使用氙灯老化试验箱进行，总曝光量为 150 (T1) 和 300 kJ/m ² (T2)。结果通过使用t检验、方差分析和 Tukey 诚实显着差异检验 (α=.05)。对应于 50:50% 可感知阈值和 50:50% 可接受阈值的 ΔE ₀₀ ≤0.8 和 ≤1.8 的色差用于解释结果。

结果

由于实验室抛光和椅旁抛光之间的颜色差异 (ΔE ₀₀ ) 没有统计学意义（T=-0.81，P =.418），因此仅提供椅旁抛光样品的结果。T0-T1 比较的色差范围为 0.2 至 4.2，T0-T2 为 0.3 至 6.5，T1-T2 为 0.1 至 2.3。方差分析显示因素和相互作用的显着性（P<.05）。在暴露于咖啡和红酒时，基于硅酸锂和基于二硅酸锂的陶瓷材料比 RCN 和 PICN 材料更稳定。记录了 3 种 (T0-T1)、4 种 (T0-T2) 和 2 种 (T1-T2) 材料在浸入咖啡后颜色变化大于可接受阈值的情况。浸入葡萄酒后的相应结果为1、3和0，人工陈酿后为0、2和0。ΔE ₀₀和ΔE _ab值高度相关（R ² =0.97）。

结论

实验室和椅旁抛光样品的颜色稳定性没有差异。咖啡导致 T0-T2 间隔的最大颜色变化。除了 IPS e.max 和 Vita Suprinity，染色相关的颜色差异随着曝光量的增加而增加。对于人工老化，颜色变化似乎与材料有关。