Abstract Investigations on the effects of fault permanent deformations on surface and subsurface engineering structures are important owing to their direct impact on the reduction of earthquake damage. This study presents the methodology and results of a comprehensive, three-dimensional, nonlinear numerical modeling of the interaction between dip-slip faulting in soil and a four-story steel moment frame structure founded on different types of shallow surface foundations. A modified Mohr–Coulomb constitutive model was implemented in the numerical modeling, where the softening/hardening behavior of soil and an elasto–plastic model that provided a more accurate description of the stress–strain response of steel elements were considered; both were adopted in a finite element program. The results demonstrate that modeling the structural elements, in comparison with only modeling the footing as a rigid plate and compromising the effect of the structure by applying its weight, significantly affects the soil–structure interaction and displacements of the footings. The results indicate that a strip footing oriented perpendicular to a fault strike yields results similar to a mat footing, whereas a strip footing parallel to a fault strike resembles a spread footing. This suggests that not only the stiffness of the footing to tolerate the vertical loads of the structure, but also its continuity or freedom to move in the direction of fault displacement is important. In the absence of rigid connection between structure footings, the excessive freedom of a footing to comply with the quasi-static deformation of soil due to fault-induced movements results in a considerable deformation and rotation of the columns, primarily in the columns between the footing and the first floor.

中文翻译：

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构造与倾滑断层相互作用的综合 3D 数值研究

摘要 断层永久变形对地表和地下工程结构的影响研究非常重要，因为它们对减少地震破坏有直接影响。本研究介绍了土壤中倾滑断层与建立在不同类型浅表基础上的四层钢力矩框架结构之间相互作用的综合、三维、非线性数值模拟的方法和结果。在数值建模中实施了改进的 Mohr-Coulomb 本构模型，其中考虑了土壤的软化/硬化行为和弹塑性模型，该模型可以更准确地描述钢元素的应力-应变响应；两者都被用于有限元程序。结果表明，对结构元素进行建模，与仅将基础建模为刚性板并通过施加其重量来损害结构的效果相比，显着影响了基础的土壤-结构相互作用和位移。结果表明，垂直于断层走向的条形基础产生类似于垫式基础的结果，而平行于断层走向的条形基础类似于扩展基础。这表明不仅基础的刚度能够承受结构的垂直载荷，而且其在断层位移方向上的连续性或自由度也很重要。在结构基础之间没有刚性连接的情况下，