Vincristine (VCR), an alkaloid extracted from vinca, is often used in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs to treat a variety of cancers, such as acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), malignant lymphoma, and neuroblastoma. However, VCR possesses dose-dependent neurotoxicity, which is the main factor restricting its application. Vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy (VIPN) not only limits the dose of VCR and leads to the discontinuation of treatment but also triggers serious damage to the physical and mental health of patients. In addition, VIPN brings huge healthcare costs to patients and society. Individuals with VIPN often exhibit mechanical allodynia, sensory/tactile disorders, and numbness in the hands and feet. Unfortunately, VIPN is easily ignored due to its variable symptoms, which gives rise to insufficient research on the aetiology and pathogenesis of this disease, thereby resulting in a lack of appropriate preventive and therapeutic management. We performed a comprehensive review of the latest findings on VIPN in terms of symptoms, risk factors, potential mechanisms, and prevention and treatment measures. The purpose was to help clinicians better understand and accurately diagnose VIPN, select appropriate intervention measures and reduce the damage to cancer patients.

长春新碱 (VCR) 是一种从长春花中提取的生物碱，常与其他化疗药物联合用于治疗多种癌症，如急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL)、恶性淋巴瘤和神经母细胞瘤。然而，VCR具有剂量依赖性的神经毒性，这是限制其应用的主要因素。长春新碱引起的周围神经病变（VIPN）不仅限制了VCR的剂量，导致治疗的中断，而且对患者的身心健康造成严重损害。此外，VIPN给患者和社会带来了巨大的医疗成本。患有VIPN的个体经常表现出机械性异常性疼痛、感觉/触觉障碍以及手脚麻木。不幸的是，VIPN 由于其多变的症状而很容易被忽略，这导致对该病的病因和发病机制的研究不足，从而导致缺乏适当的预防和治疗管理。我们从症状、危险因素、潜在机制和防治措施等方面对VIPN的最新发现进行了全面回顾。目的是帮助临床医生更好地了解和准确诊断VIPN，选择合适的干预措施，减少对癌症患者的伤害。