Extra-hypothalamic GnRH and extra-pituitary GnRH receptors exist in multiple human reproductive tissues, including the ovary, endometrium and myometrium. Recently, new analogs (agonists and antagonists) and modes of GnRH have been developed for clinical application during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for assisted reproductive technology (ART). Additionally, the analogs and upstream regulators of GnRH suppress gonadotropin secretion and regulate the functions of the reproductive axis. GnRH signaling is primarily involved in the direct control of female reproduction. The cellular mechanisms and action of the GnRH/GnRH receptor system have been clinically applied for the treatment of reproductive disorders and have widely been introduced in ART. New GnRH analogs, such as long-acting GnRH analogs and oral nonpeptide GnRH antagonists, are being continuously developed for clinical application. The identification of the upstream regulators of GnRH, such as kisspeptin and neurokinin B, provides promising potential to develop these upstream regulator-related analogs to control the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis.

中文翻译：

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促性腺激素释放激素类似物：女性生殖中的作用机制和临床应用

下丘脑外 GnRH 和垂体外 GnRH 受体存在于多种人类生殖组织中，包括卵巢、子宫内膜和子宫肌层。最近，已开发出新的 GnRH 类似物（激动剂和拮抗剂）和模式，用于辅助生殖技术 (ART) 的受控卵巢过度刺激期间的临床应用。此外，GnRH 的类似物和上游调节剂抑制促性腺激素分泌并调节生殖轴的功能。GnRH 信号主要参与雌性生殖的直接控制。GnRH/GnRH 受体系统的细胞机制和作用已在临床上用于治疗生殖障碍，并已广泛应用于 ART。新的 GnRH 类似物，例如长效 GnRH 类似物和口服非肽 GnRH 拮抗剂，正在不断开发临床应用。GnRH 上游调节剂（如kisspeptin 和神经激肽B）的鉴定为开发这些上游调节剂相关类似物以控制下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴提供了有希望的潜力。