Abstract Chloridea (Heliothis) virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (tobacco budworm) management in pre-topped tobacco remains a concern for growers. Chlorantraniliprole, an anthranilic diamide insecticide, emerged as an option for C. virescens in early season tobacco because it selectively targets caterpillars, exhibits systemic action, and satisfies reduced risk classification. It is currently recommended for foliar application at threshold; however, because of its systemic action, many growers deploy soil applications at transplant. We conducted a series of experiments to determine the potential efficacy and longevity of soil applications of chlorantraniliprole for use against C. virescens in tobacco. First, tobacco plants were grown in the NCSU Phytotron, a controlled environment facility, and were treated with chlorantraniliprole soil applications either as a soil injection or soil drench at field equivalent rates at transplant. Plants were either watered daily or two times per week. A field experiment was established at two locations where at transplant in furrow and soil drench applications of chlorantraniliprole were compared to foliar applications. In both these experiments, one of the youngest leaves of adequate length on a subset of plants was sampled weeks three through nine after transplant in the phytotron and five through eight after transplant at the field stations. One-half of each leaf was exposed to second instar C. virescens to assess mortality and feeding, and the other half was analyzed for chlorantraniliprole concentration. Mortality differed between treatments in phytotron and field trials after 96 h exposure. Frass production and survivorship increased as plants grew. Phytotron trials demonstrated longer toxicity to C. virescens than field experiments, and chlorantraniliprole concentrations decreased at a slower rate in the Phytotron than in the field. Our field results suggest that soil applications of chlorantraniliprole are not likely to provide acceptable early season C. virescens control in the field.

中文翻译：

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土壤施用氯虫苯甲酰胺的易位和持久性作为烟草植物烟草中绿藻的控制措施

摘要 Chloridea (Heliothis) virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (tobacco budworm) 在 pre-topped 烟草中的管理仍然是种植者关注的问题。Chlorantraniliprole 是一种邻氨基苯甲酰胺类杀虫剂，在早季烟草中作为 C. virescens 的一种选择出现，因为它选择性地针对毛虫，表现出全身作用，并满足降低的风险分类。目前推荐在阈值下进行叶面喷施；然而，由于其系统作用，许多种植者在移植时部署土壤应用。我们进行了一系列实验，以确定土壤施用氯虫苯甲酰胺用于对抗烟草中的 C. virescens 的潜在功效和寿命。首先，烟草植物在 NCSU Phytotron 中种植，这是一个受控环境设施，并在移植时以土壤注射剂或土壤浸渍剂的形式用氯虫苯甲酰胺土壤施用进行处理。植物每天浇水或每周浇水两次。在两个地点建立了田间试验，其中在移植时将氯虫苯甲酰胺的沟渠和土壤浸透施用与叶面施用进行了比较。在这两个实验中，在植株中移植后第 3 到 9 周和在野外站移植后第 5 到第 8 周对部分植物上足够长的最年轻的叶子之一进行采样。每片叶子的一半暴露于二龄 C. virescens 以评估死亡率和摄食，另一半用于分析氯虫苯甲酰胺的浓度。暴露 96 小时后，植物加速器和田间试验处理之间的死亡率不同。随着植物的生长，草的产量和存活率增加。Phytotron 试验证明对 C. virescens 的毒性比田间实验更长，并且 Phytotron 中氯虫苯甲酰胺的浓度下降速度比田间慢。我们的田间结果表明，土壤施用氯虫苯甲酰胺不太可能在田间提供可接受的早季 C. virescens 控制。