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Morphology and neurovascular anatomy of a titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) osteoderm from the Upper Cretaceous of Big Bend National Park, Texas
Cretaceous Research ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104670
John A. Fronimos

ABSTRACT Osteoderms (ossified dermal elements) are among the most distinctive features of Titanosauria, a speciose clade of Cretaceous sauropods. Though osteoderms are often described as armor, hollow osteoderms have also been interpreted as mineral storage sites. A new specimen (TMM 45888-1) from the Upper Cretaceous Javelina Formation, Big Bend National Park, Texas, provides insights into osteoderm structure and function. It is oval with a cusp at one end and grooved marginal ornamentation, resembling certain specimens from Argentina but without a keel. It is not divided into bulb and root regions. TMM 45888-1 is the first titanosaur osteoderm from Texas. It cannot be referred to a species but is similar to the osteoderms of Alamosaurus, the only known titanosaur from North America. X-ray CT scans reveal that the interior of TMM 45888-1 is not hollow. Large neurovascular channels connect foramina on the deep, superficial, and marginal faces. The channels are concentrated along the deep face, at the ends, and passing through the center from deep to superficial. The osteoderm was potentially capable of providing mineral storage, localized defense, and display functions based on its vasculature, material properties, and shape. Whole-body defense, vertebral stabilization, and thermoregulation are rejected as functions based on apparent osteoderm scarcity, lack of articulations, and limited superficial vasculature. Osteoderms vary in gross and interior morphology among lithostrotians, necessitating caution when generalizing functions across the clade.

中文翻译:

德克萨斯州大弯国家公园上白垩纪泰坦龙(恐龙、蜥脚类)骨皮的形态学和神经血管解剖学

摘要 骨皮(骨化的真皮成分)是泰坦巨龙最显着的特征之一,泰坦龙是白垩纪蜥脚类恐龙的一个特殊进化枝。虽然骨皮层通常被描述为盔甲,但空心骨皮层也被解释为矿物质储存部位。来自德克萨斯州大弯国家公园上白垩纪 Javelina 组的一个新标本 (TMM 45888-1) 提供了对骨皮结构和功能的见解。它是椭圆形的,一端有尖头,边缘有凹槽装饰,类似于阿根廷的某些标本,但没有龙骨。它不分为球茎和根区域。TMM 45888-1 是来自德克萨斯州的第一个泰坦龙骨皮。它不能被称为一个物种,但与阿拉莫龙的骨皮相似,阿拉莫龙是北美唯一已知的泰坦龙。X 射线 CT 扫描显示 TMM 45888-1 的内部不是空心的。大的神经血管通道连接深面、浅面和边缘面上的孔。通道沿深面集中,在末端,并从深到浅穿过中心。基于其脉管系统、材料特性和形状,骨皮层有可能提供矿物质储存、局部防御和显示功能。全身防御、脊椎稳定和体温调节被认为是基于明显的骨皮缺乏、缺乏关节和浅表脉管系统有限的功能。石质动物的骨皮在大体和内部形态上各不相同,因此在概括整个进化枝的功能时需要谨慎。和边缘面孔。通道沿深面集中,在末端,并从深到浅穿过中心。基于其脉管系统、材料特性和形状,骨皮层有可能提供矿物质储存、局部防御和显示功能。全身防御、脊椎稳定和体温调节被认为是基于明显的骨皮缺乏、缺乏关节和浅表脉管系统有限的功能。石质动物的骨皮在大体和内部形态上各不相同,因此在概括整个进化枝的功能时需要谨慎。和边缘面孔。通道沿深面集中,在末端,并从深到浅穿过中心。基于其脉管系统、材料特性和形状,骨皮层有可能提供矿物质储存、局部防御和显示功能。全身防御、脊椎稳定和体温调节被认为是基于明显的骨皮缺乏、缺乏关节和浅表脉管系统有限的功能。石质动物的骨皮在大体和内部形态上各不相同,因此在概括整个进化枝的功能时需要谨慎。局部防御,并根据其脉管系统、材料特性和形状显示功能。全身防御、脊椎稳定和体温调节被认为是基于明显的骨皮缺乏、缺乏关节和浅表脉管系统有限的功能。石质动物的骨皮在大体和内部形态上各不相同,因此在概括整个进化枝的功能时需要谨慎。局部防御,并根据其脉管系统、材料特性和形状显示功能。全身防御、脊椎稳定和体温调节被认为是基于明显的骨皮缺乏、缺乏关节和浅表脉管系统有限的功能。石质动物的骨皮在大体和内部形态上各不相同,因此在概括整个进化枝的功能时需要谨慎。
更新日期:2021-04-01
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