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An adolescent sensitive period for threat responding: impacts of stress and sex
Biological Psychiatry ( IF 10.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.10.003
Danielle M Gerhard 1 , Heidi C Meyer 1 , Francis S Lee 1
Affiliation  

Anxiety and fear-related disorders peak in prevalence during adolescence, a window of rapid behavioral development and neural remodeling. However, understanding of the development of threat responding and the underlying neural circuits remains limited. Preclinical models of threat conditioning and extinction have provided an unparalleled glimpse into the developing brain. In this review we discuss mouse and rat studies on the development of threat response regulation, with a focus on the adolescent period. Evidence of nonlinear patterns of threat responding during adolescence and the continued development of the underlying circuitry is highly indicative of an adolescent sensitive period for threat response regulation. While we highlight literature in support of this unique developmental window, we also emphasize the need for causal studies to clarify the parameters defining such a sensitive period. In doing so, we explore how stress and biological sex affect the development and expression of threat response regulation during adolescence and beyond. Ultimately, a deeper understanding of how these factors interact with and affect developmental trajectories of learning and memory will inform treatment and prevention strategies for pediatric anxiety disorders.

中文翻译:

应对威胁的青少年敏感期:压力和性的影响

在青春期,焦虑和恐惧相关疾病的患病率达到顶峰,这是快速行为发展和神经重塑的窗口。然而,对威胁响应的发展和潜在的神经回路的理解仍然有限。威胁调节和灭绝的临床前模型提供了对发育中大脑的无与伦比的一瞥。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了关于威胁反应调节发展的小鼠和大鼠研究,重点是青少年时期。青春期威胁响应的非线性模式和基础电路的持续发展的证据高度表明青春期威胁响应调节的敏感期。虽然我们强调支持这一独特发展窗口的文献,我们还强调需要进行因果研究,以阐明定义这一敏感时期的参数。在此过程中,我们探讨了压力和生理性别如何影响青春期及以后的威胁反应调节的发展和表达。最终,更深入地了解这些因素如何相互作用并影响学习和记忆的发展轨迹,将为儿科焦虑症的治疗和预防策略提供信息。
更新日期:2020-10-01
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